近50年来中国主要河流入海泥沙变化  

Trend of sediment flux of main rivers in China in the past 50 years

作　　者：戴仕宝[1] 杨世伦[1] 郜昂[1] 刘哲[1] 李鹏[1] 李明[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2007年第2期49-58,共10页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家973项目课题(2002CB412407);国家自然科学基金(40576043);安徽省高等学校青年教师科研资助计划项目(2005jq1129)

摘　　要：对中国9条主要河流(松花江、辽河、海河、黄河、淮河、长江、钱塘江、闽江、珠江)入海泥沙的研究发现,近50年来其输沙率均值为13×108t/yr左右,并从1960年代开始呈显著的下降趋势,1994-2003年的年均入海泥沙(6.6×108t/yr)仅为1964-1973年的37%,北方河流较南方河流入海泥沙的下降幅度更大。过去50年来,总降水量呈略微下降趋势,降水量的减少是导致北方河流输沙减少的原因之一。入海泥沙总量还具有明显的三个阶段变化特征,即在1968年和1984年前后发生了突变;此外还存在着3年和10年的周期性波动。入海泥沙的突变与人类活动密切相关。水库建设是造成这些河流入海泥沙急剧减少的最主要因素。人类活动已对中国主要河流的入海泥沙产生了决定性影响。河流入海泥沙的减少已对中国海岸带环境产生了严重的影响,加强这方面的研究十分紧要。Riverine sediment yields and fluxes into the coastal oceans is an important geomorphologic process that arouses great interests of scientists which are undertaking the studies about the global change. This paper mainly aims at the general trend of the river sediment flux of the main rivers in China and its causes. The main rivers selected in this paper include Songhua River, Liaohe Rive, Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Minjiang River and Pearl（Zhujiang） River, which have a total drainage basin area of 358.73 × 10^4km^2, contribute 58.5 % of the total exterior drainage area and 85 % of the total river sediment flux into sea of China. The average annual sediment flux of the main rivers is about 1.3 billion tons with significant decline trend in the past 50 years. The sediment flux of 1994 - 2003（6.6 × 10^8t） is only 37% of that of 1964 - 1973. Periodical variations pattem of sediment flux show that the abrupt change happened in 1968 and 1984, which is identical to the social and economic developing steps of China in the past 50 years. Power spectra analysis shows that the sediment flux is under the oscillation with 3-year and 10-year period. The slight decrease of precipitation in one of the reasons to cause the decline of sediment flux of northem rivers, Dam construction is the main cause of the significant decrease of the sediment flux of the main rivers in China, Human activities are the dominant factor among the factors that affect the sediment flux of China. The decline trend of the sediment flux of main rivers in China is irreversible. The decline of sediment flux has caused severe bad effects to the delta in the estuaries of Luanhe River, Yellow River and Yangtze River. Further studies of the responses of environment of the east coastal line of China are urgently needed.

关 键 词：水库 河流 入海泥沙 气候变化 人类活动 

分 类 号：TV152[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]