二维X射线衍射及其应用研究进展  

PROGRESS IN RESEARCH OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS

作　　者：杨传铮[1] 汪保国[1] 张建[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所,上海200050

出　　处：《物理学进展》2007年第1期69-91,共23页Progress In Physics

摘　　要：介绍了三维、一维和二维X射线衍射的有关概念,给出二维X射线衍射的定义:在X射线衍射实验中使用二维探测器,并对由二维探测器记录的二维象、二维衍射花样的数据进行处理分析和解释的X射线衍射方法称为二维X射线衍射术。之后,分四部分综述二维X射线衍射(2D-XRD)和散射及其应用的进展。1)单晶样品的二维衍射包括经典的劳厄法定向和用二维探测器(带衰减底片组件、CCD和IP等)的劳厄法测定晶体结构的单晶样品现代二维衍射术;2)随后,评述多晶样品二维衍射的衍射几何、实验装置,以及在物相鉴定、应力测定和织构测定方面应用的方法和基本公式;3)二维小角散射(2D-SAXS)也作了简介。4)把一维和二维衍射术作了较全面的比较和综合评论。Progress in research of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction and its applications have been reviewed briefly. After describing some concepts on three, one and twodimensional x-ray diffraction （2D-XRD）, a definition of 2D-XRD was given which is not only XRD simply using a two-dimensional detector , but also involves 2D-image processing and 2D diffraction pattern manipulation and interpretation. The paper is divided into four parts ： Part 1. 2D-XRD of single crystal sample, which includes classical Laue method of determination the crystal orientation and modern Laue method determining crystal structure of micro-small single crystal specimen： Part 2 ： 2D-XRD of polycrystalline material sample, which contains the diffraction geometry, fundamental theory and experimental equipment as well as methods and fundamental formulas of its applications to phase identification and determination of stress and texture Part 3 ： Two-dimensional small angle x-ray scattering （2D-SAXS） ; Part 4. The more completely comparison between 1D- and 2D-XRD（2D-XRS） as well as their development tendency have been briefly and comprehensively reviewed.

关 键 词：2D-XRD 晶体定向 晶体结构 物相鉴定 应力测量 织构测定 2D-SAXS 

分 类 号：O434.1[机械工程—光学工程]