间套作资源集约利用及对产量品质影响研究进展  

Advances in Resources Intensive Utilization, Yield and Quality in intercropping or Relay Cropping Systems

作　　者：宁堂原[1] 焦念元[1] 安艳艳 赵春[1] 申加祥 李增嘉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院山东省作物生物学重点实验室,泰安271018 [2]曲阜市第二中学,山东曲阜273100 [3]日照市农业学校,山东日照276800

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2007年第4期159-163,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"小麦玉米超高产复合群体根系营养互补与竞争原理"(39870524);山东省财政支农项目"重点粮食作物优良品种及节本增效种植技术推广"(SDGP2003-54);山东农业大学青年科技创新基金项目"氮素水平对春夏玉米套作全株营养价值的影响及其机理研究"(23218)。

摘　　要：简要介绍了间套作对世界粮食安全的重要性,并对间套作领域当前主要的研究进展进行了综述与讨论。首先,综述了间套作复合群体在光能利用特性,指出了间套作可通过增强叶片光合性能和提高光的截获率与转化效率显著提高光能利用率。其次,综述了不同间套作复合群体在氮、磷、钾养分及水分利用等方面存在的竞争和互补利用现象,讨论了各种间套作类型资源高效利用的可能机制。最后,综述了间套作对产量和品质的影响。间套作可以使产量提高20%～50%,合理的种植密度和复合群体结构是高产的关键。不同间套作类型对秸秆和籽粒粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分及无氮浸出物等营养物质含量和产量的影响。通过以上几个方面的讨论,指出了间套作研究在资源集约利用、产量和品质等方面存在的不足和需进一步研究的问题。In the paper, the importance of intercropping and relay system to the foodstuff safety was briefly reviewed. And then the authors discussed the key progress in the studies of intercropping and relay system. First, the characteristic of solar radiation utilization of intercropping or relay cropping compound colony was reviewed, which indicated that intercropping and relay cropping system could increase the use efficiency of solar radiation by improving the photosynthesis ability, light capture and transformation. Second, the competition and complementat^on of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium and water and the mechanisms of higher use efficiency on resources were discussed. Finally, the effects on the yield and quality of each crop in intercropping or relay systems were summarized. Intercropping or relay cropping could increase the total yield by 20%-50%, which was achieved by reasonable planting density and compound colony structure. And the effects of different types intercropping and relay cropping system on qualities, such as the yield and content of protein, crude fiber, crude fat, crude ash and nitrogen free extract of organs and grain, were quite different. It also gave some suggestions to further studies on resources utilization, yield and quality of intercropping and relay cropping system, based on the argumentations above.

关 键 词：间套作 资源利用 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]