不同有机肥料中氮素的矿化特性研究  

Characteristics of NO_3^--N and NH_4^+-N Mineralization from Different Organic Fertilizers

作　　者：赵明[1] 蔡葵[1] 赵征宇[1] 于秋华[1] 王文娇[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛市农业科学研究院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2007年第B03期146-149,共4页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：青岛市科技局农业攻关项目(02-1-kj-nn-34)

摘　　要：通过好氧培养试验,对不同有机肥中NO3--N与NH4+-N的矿化特性进行了研究。结果表明,鸡粪和猪粪培养10 d后、牛粪培养30 d后,NO3--N矿化率快速提高,使土壤NO3--N含量上升;鸡粪堆肥培养10 d后、牛粪堆肥和猪粪堆肥培养60 d后,矿化率开始上升。经过堆肥处理的有机肥NO3--N矿化率明显低于未堆肥产品,而且矿化高峰期延迟。培养90 d后NO3--N矿化率趋缓,培养120 d后NO3--N的矿化率分别为:鸡粪42.6%、牛粪24.0%、猪粪22.6%、鸡粪堆肥23.4%、牛粪堆肥16.0%、猪粪堆肥18.0%。随培养期延长,施肥土壤NH4+-N含量迅速下降,培养5 d时低于对照土壤、15 d后接近或略高于对照土壤。施用有机肥可增加土壤NO3--N含量,对NH4+-N含量的影响较小。Aerobic incubation was conducted to study the characteristics of NO3^ - -N and NH4^＋ -N mineralization from different organic fertilizers. Results indicated that mineralization rates of NO3 ^- -N increased rapidly after 10 d, 10 d and 30 d, respectively for chicken manure, pig manure and cattle manure. The mineralization rates of composts for chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure increased after 10 d, 60 d, 60 d, respectively. The mineralization rates of organic fertilizer with eomposting treatment were significandy lower than that with not eomposting products and mineralization peak postponed. The mineralization rate of NO3 ^- -N became slower after 90 d, while after 120 d the rate of chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure was 42.6%, 24.0%, 22.6%, respectively; that of chicken manure compost, cattle manure compost and pig manure compost was 23.4% , 16.0% , 18.0%. With the extension of incubation, NH4^ ＋ -N content decreased rapidly applying organic fertilizer to soil. At the fifth day, it was lower than the control and nearly to or slightly higher than the control after 15 d. Applying organic fertilizer to soil mainly increased NO3^ --N content, had a little influence on NH4^ ＋ -N.

关 键 词：有机肥料 土壤 硝态氮 铵态氮 矿化特性 

分 类 号：S141.3[农业科学—肥料学]