职业性噪声对暴露人群健康效应初步分析  

Initial analysis of health effects on workers exposed to occupational noise

作　　者：赖建民 刘移民[2] 肖吕武[2] 肖启华[2] 李旭东[3] 吴琳[2] 何国权[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州港集团有限公司,广东广州510700 [2]广州市职业病防治院 [3]中山大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《华南预防医学》2007年第2期1-4,共4页South China Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广州市医药卫生科技攻关重点项目(2003A3403)

摘　　要：目的分析工业作业场所职业性噪声对暴露人群的健康效应。方法于2005年随机抽取南方某市部分噪声暴露工厂，按《作业场所噪声测量规范》（WS／T69—1996）进行测点选择和测量噪声强度[dB（A）]，按照《职业健康监护管理办法》对其职业性噪声暴露人群进行健康检查，并对4家产生稳态噪声、4家产生脉冲噪声的工厂的暴露人群的健康效应进行比较分析。结果共对84家工厂的1374个噪声作业点进行噪声强度测定，噪声平均强度83．40[dB（A）]，作业点噪声强度90[dB（A）]以上占23．22％（319／1374），85～89[dB（A）]占25．47％（350／1374），85[dB（A）]以下占51．31％（705／1374），超标率为48．69％（699／1374）；7464例噪声暴露工人的健康检查结果显示，听力损伤检出率为20．47％（1528/7464），心电图异常检出率7．32％（546／7464），心率异常检出率为3．93％（293/7464），血压偏高检出率为3．71％（277／7464）；稳态噪声和脉冲噪声的平均强度分别为84．96、88．49[dB（A）]，两者的等效噪音强度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；脉冲噪声暴露人群的听力损伤、血压偏高检出率均高于稳态噪声的（P〉0．01）。暴露人群的听力损伤检出率与暴露水平存在正相关关系（rs=0．9524，P〈0．01）。结论职业性噪声暴露对人群健康效应的影响表现为脉冲噪声对噪声暴露者的危害比稳态噪声大；噪声强度和噪声暴露者的听力损伤检出率存在剂量反应关系。Objective To analyze the healthy effects on workers exposed to occupational noise. Methods Some factories in a southern city existed occupational noise exposure were randomly chosen to measure noise intensities[ dB（A） ] of selected sites according to ＂homework place noise measure norm＂ （WS/T69 -1996） in 2005. The exposed workers were undergone physical examination according to ＂occupational health surveillance manage means＂ and health effects on workers in 4 factories existed steady noise and 4 factories existed impulsive noise were analysed. Results The average noise intensity of 1 374 working spots in 84 factories was 83.40 [ dB（A） ]. 23.22% （319/1 374） exceeded 90 [ dB（A） ], 25. 47% （ 350/1 374） at 85 - 89 [ dS （A） ], 51.31% （705/1 374） below 85 [ dS （A） ]. Among 7 464 employees examined, hearing loss rate was 20.47% （ 1 528/7464）, electrocardiogram abnormality rate 7.32% （546/7 464 ）, heart rate abnormality 3.93 % （293/7 464 ）, high BP 3.71% （277/7 464） ; The mean of noise intensity was 84. 96 [ dB （A） ] in steady noise factories and 88.49 [ dB （A） ] in impulsive noise factories （ P 〉 0. 05） where had significant statistical differences of hearing impairment and high blood pressure （ P 〉 0. 01 ）. Positive correlation between hearing impairment rate and exposure level was observed （ rs = 0. 952 4, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Impulsive noise was much more harmful than steady noise and there was dose response relationship between hearing loss and exposure level.

关 键 词：噪声 职业性 工人 健康效应 

分 类 号：R136.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]