洞庭湖湿地与农田土壤动物多样性研究  

Soil animal diversity of wetland and farmland in Dongting Lake region

作　　者：韩立亮[1] 王勇[1] 王广力[1] 张美文[1] 李波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所

出　　处：《生物多样性》2007年第2期199-206,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-SW-415)

摘　　要：为探讨洞庭湖退田还湖工程的生态恢复进程,2005年10月对洞庭湖退田还湖区3类典型生境7个样地土壤动物群落结构进行了调查,共获土壤动物标本8,484头,隶属于5门11纲32个动物类群。其中,还湖湿地捕获土壤动物类群26类,优势类群为线虫类、蜱螨目;未还湖农田生境捕获土壤动物类群28类,优势类群为线虫类、蜘蛛目;原始湿地(对照)仅捕获土壤动物13类,优势类群为腹足类。对Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀性指数(E)、Simpson优势度指数(C)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)和复杂性指数(Cj)5个多样性指标进行分析,结果表明:(1)与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')相比,复杂性指数(Cj)表征的土壤动物多样性更能客观地反映土壤动物分布的真实情况;(2)群落多样性与均匀度显著相关(P<0.05),而与其他指数关系不密切;(3)在类群数上,还湖湿地和未还湖农田都多于对照的原始湿地,有极显著差异(P<0.01);个体数量上看,未还湖农田多于原始湿地,存在极显著差异(P<0.01),还湖湿地与原始湿地相比却没有显著差异(P>0.05)。这说明:洞庭湖退田还湖后生态恢复较慢,恢复效率较低。In order to evaluate the process of ecological restoration in Dongting Lake region, we surveyed the community structure and diversity of soil animals in October 2005. A total of 8,484 individuals, belonging to five phyla and 11 classes, were obtained from three typical habitat types, i.e., wetland restored from farm- land, farmland, and original wetland. Twenty-six species were obtained from wetland restored from farmland, of which Nematode and Acarina accounted for 66.97%, while 28 species were collected from farmland, of which Nematode and Araneae occupied 61.79%. However, only 13 species were found in the original wetland, of which Gastropoda was the absolutely dominant group, accounting for 79.89%. The results analyzed using diversity indices （H＇, E, C, D, Cj） indicated that： （1） Complexity index （Cj） is manifested better than H＇ in representing the complexity and the diversity of animal communities; （2） Community diversity index （H＇）, had a closer relationship with evenness index （E） （P〈0.05）; （3） Wetland restored from farmland and the farmland were richer in soil animal taxa than the original wetland （P〈0.01）. In terms of soil animal individu- als, there were far more in the farmland than in the original wetland （P〈0.01）, whereas no significant difference （P〉0.05） was found between the wetland restored from farmland and in the original wetland. The results indicated that the ecological restoration process in Dongting Lake region was fairly slow and inefficient.

关 键 词：退田还湖 生态恢复效率 复杂性指数 生物评价 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]