某人造宝石厂危害因素对工人健康影响的调查  

Health Survey on Workers Affected by Occupational Risk Factors in an Artificial Gem Plant

作　　者：李敏[1] 陈朝东[1] 李骏晖[1] 曹丹燕[1] 李文勇[1] 黄丽蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东广州510300

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2007年第2期434-436,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解人造宝石加工行业职业危害因素对作业工人健康影响。方法对某宝石厂车间作业环境进行卫生学调查,测量车间环境粉尘和噪声水平。并对890例作业人员和160例非接触职业危害因素人员进行职业性体检。结果该厂主要职业危害因素是粉尘和噪声。作业现场共测118个作业点进行粉尘测定,超标点42个。总粉尘时间加权平均浓度为(1.07±0.77)mg/m3,呼吸性粉尘共测量110个点,呼吸性粉尘时间加权平均浓度为(0.46±0.29)mg/m3,超标点16个,超标率14.5%;游离SiO2含量平均12.5%;测定86个噪声点,其中有82个点超标,超标率为95.3%;作业组X射线(高千伏)检查发现肺纹理增多、紊乱等改变454例(51.0%),而对照组只有4例。作业组高频听力损失305例(34.3%)明显高于对照组20例(12.5%)(P<0.01)。结论人造宝石加工行业存在一定危害性,建议加强防尘、降噪措施,保障工人健康,防止职业病发生。Objective To understand the hazardous effects of occupational risk factors on the health of the workers in an artificial gem plant. Methods A hygienic investigation was carried out in a certain artificial gem plant, and dust concentrations and noise level of the workshops were measured. Occupational physical examination was conducted among 890 workers exposed to the workshops and 160 non - exposed workers. Results The main occupational risk factors were dust and noise. Among the 118 measured worksities, the dust concentrations in 42 worksites were higher than the national maximum allowable concentration. The average concentration of total dust in worksites was 1.07 ± 0.77mg/m^3. Among the 110 measured worksities, 16 worksities＇ respirable dust concentrations were higher than the national maximum allowable concentration, and the average concentrate was 0.46 ± 0.29 mg/m^3. The average content of free SiO2 was 12.5 %. The intensity of 86 noise monitoring sites was measured and the noise level at 82 sites（95.3% ） exceeded the national standards. The chest X- ray （HKV） examination showed that 454 cases had lung marking changes, but the control group only 4 cases. The high - frequency hearing loss in the exposed group was 305 （34.3%） cases, which was significantly higher than that of the control group （20. 12.5 % ）（P〈 0.01）. Conclusion The health of the workers is affected by occupational risk factors in this artificial gem plant. It is suggested that preventive measures of dust and noise should take in the workshop for ensureing the workers health and preventing the occurrence of occupational diseases.

关 键 词：人造宝石 粉尘 噪声 危害因素 工人健康 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]