2006年细菌对抗菌药物耐药机制研究进展回顾  

Progress in studying mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria in 2006

作　　者：李显志[1] 凌保东[2] 

机构地区：[1]加拿大卫生部药品与食品局 [2]川北医学院药物研究所,南充637007

出　　处：《中国抗生素杂志》2007年第4期193-202,224,共11页Chinese Journal of Antibiotics

摘　　要：细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性机制是生物医药研究的重要领域。2006年抗菌药物耐药机制研究在多方面有重要的发现,如对细菌药物主动外排泵的药物转运结构机制的深入了解及发现新的药物泵或新的泵调控表达机制,发现了喹诺酮类药物修饰酶、质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药性在世界范围内的出现,对金葡菌耐药机制的进一步认识与发现新型抗多重耐药革兰阳性球菌的platen-simycin,鲍曼不动杆菌基因多重耐药岛的发现,新型β-内酰胺酶的继续出现以及超广谱β-内酰胺酶开始从食用动物或宠物分离的细菌中证实。本文还讨论了2006年中国细菌耐药机制研究的一些重要结果。这些研究成果继续提示细菌对不同抗菌药物的多种耐药保护机制及细菌本身基因结构的多样性与可移动性使其能进化产生新的耐药机制以适应抗菌药物的作用。严谨合理地应用抗菌药物以最大限度地减少细菌耐药性发生及传播和延长抗菌药物的疗效周期是人类所面临的长期挑战。Studies on mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria continue to be a key area in biomedical sciences. This has been demonstrated in the advances achieved in 2006, which are attributed, for example, to the following aspects： structural elucidation of the transport mechanisms of multidrug resistance transporters with identification of novel drug efflux pumps or of novel regulatory mechanisms of drug pumps, discovery of a quinolone-modifying enzyme, the worldwide emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, further understanding of staphylococcal resistance and the discovery of platensimycin active against multidrug resistant gram-positive cocci, identification of a resistance genomic island in Acinetobacter baumannii, characterization of novelβ-lactamases, and emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in animal-derived bacteria. Key observations from the studies in 2006 in China are also described. The results presented continue to demonstrate the evolutionary capability of bacteria in their adaptation to various antimicrobials via diverse and mobile genetic elements. Prudent use of antimicrobial drugs for minimizing the further emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and prolonging the life span of antimicrobial drugs is certainly a daunting long-term challenge.

关 键 词：耐药机制 多重耐药性 外排泵 qnr质粒 喹诺酮修饰酶 Β-内酰胺酶 PLATENSIMYCIN 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学]