运动影响ApoE^(-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化形成的主动脉超微结构观察  

Effects of Exercise on Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E Knock Out Mice-An observation on Aortic Ultrastructure

作　　者：袁凌燕[1] 陆爱云[2] 卢昌亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学体育学院,上海200234 [2]上海体育学院运动科学学院

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2007年第2期193-197,共5页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

摘　　要：目的观察运动对动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)形成中主动脉壁超微结构的影响。方法对30只8周龄ApoE基因敲除小鼠(ApoE^(-/-)小鼠)饲以“西方饮食”饲料建立AS模型,30只C57BL/6J小鼠为同源对照鼠,分为C57安静组(CC组,n=15)、C57运动组(CE组,n=15)、ApoE^(-/-)小鼠安静组(AC组,n=15)和ApoE^(-/-)小鼠运动组(AE组,n=15)。两个运动组进行12周中等强度跑台运动,前6周运动量由10m/min×30min渐增为13m/min×60min,后6周以稳定的运动量(13m/min,60min)进行运动,每周5次。12周实验结束后,采用透射电镜观察各组小鼠主动脉内膜、中膜、内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞结构。结果ApoE^(-/-)小鼠安静组动脉壁损伤严重,内皮细胞出现受损、变质、脱落,细胞内连接不紧密。内皮下间隙增宽,内弹力膜破坏和消失。中膜平滑肌结构破坏,合成型平滑肌较多。ApoE^(-/-)小鼠运动组大部内皮细胞的腔面光滑平坦,内皮细胞损害较轻,内皮下仍见泡沫细胞,但层数较AC组少,中膜平滑肌以收缩型为主。结论运动可改善动脉粥样硬化内皮和平滑肌细胞的超微结构改变,减少主动脉的病损,从而发挥抗AS作用。Objective To study the effect of aerobic exercise on the ultrastructure of the atherosclerotic aorta. Methods 8 - week - old apolipoprotein E - knockout mice （ApoE^- / - mice） were fed with ‘western diet’ for 12 weeks to establish atherosclerotic model, and the C57 used as homologous control mice. They were further divided into control and exercise groups： C57 sedentary group （CC group）, C57 exercise group （CE group）, ApoE^-/- sedentary group（AC group）, and ApoE^-/- exercise group（AE group）. Mice in exercise groups ran on a treadmill 5 days/week for a total of 12 weeks at the speed from 10m/min× 30 minutes up to 13m/min × 60 minutes. At the end of the experiments, aortic ultrastructure was analyzed using electron microscope. Results Vascular endothelium cell and smooth muscle cell in AC group were damaged or degenerated seriously, including degeneration, defluvium, loosening of intracellular structure, increased subendothelial space, and breakdown or disappearance of inner elastic lamina. Aberrant nucleolus, foamy mitochondria, and abounded endoplasm in extranuclear region appeared in smooth cells in tunica media. Meanwhile, were foam ceils in subendothelium and the slight though there damage in endothelium cells, but most of the lumen was smooth in AE group. Conclusion Aerobic exercise can prevent atherogenesis by means of inhibiting the ultrastructural alteration in vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cell.

关 键 词：动脉粥样硬化 运动 主动脉 超微结构 内皮细胞 平滑肌细胞 APOE^-/-小鼠 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]