洛南盆地的大型石刀  

Knives Collected from the Open-air Sites in Luonan Basin,China

作　　者：王社江[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省考古研究所

出　　处：《人类学学报》2007年第1期26-33,共8页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省考古研究所2005年特别资助项目

摘　　要：以大型石片为毛坯加工而成的修背石刀是非洲大陆旧石器时代早期阿舍利石器工业中较为常见的器物之一,在中国旧石器时代早期遗址中未见报道。1995年春夏之交至2004年2月,在位于陕西省秦岭山地东部的洛南盆地南洛河上游干流及其支流两侧阶地共发现旷野类型旧石器地点268处,获得各类石制品13 581件,从中甄别出大型石刀24件,本文对这类器物的涵义进行了界定,探讨了其加工制作的方式,比较了大型石刀与薄刃斧以及重型刮削器之间的异同,并以此为基础对洛南盆地19处旷野类型旧石器地点中所发现的大型石刀进行了系统研究。Similar to handaxes and cleavers, knives made on larger flakes and found in the Luonan Basin, Shaanxi Province, China, challenge many preconceived ideas about the distribution of Acheulian lithic remains. This article focuses on the definition of knives as expressed by Kleindienst and Clark ＆ Kleindienst. According to these authors, the knife should be a kind of tool having the whole or part of one edge blunted by retouch or naturally backed, with the opposite or cutting edge showing biracial, unifacial or no retouch. Based on the strict definition that a knife should be made from a larger flake, or should be a kind of retouched flake tool, 24 knives made from larger flakes were identified from 19 open-air sites （or localities） in the Luonan Basin, central China. This work is the first time that knives have been identified in China. The 19 open-air sites that had knives are among 268 open-air sites surveyed between 1995-2004 in the basin. This article describes knife raw material and provides metrical analysis of this tool type. Early hominids in the Luonan Basin chose four kinds of raw materials with the most common being cream quartzite. Metrical analysis indicates a mean length of 174.17mm, an average width of 118.80mm and a mean thickness of 50.09mm. The mean weight of the knives studied was 1135.33g. Various indices as measured by the following ratios were： （width/length） × 100 equals 72.22; （thickness/length）× 100 equals 30.02; （thickness/width）×100 equals 43.21. The open-air sites in the Luonan Basin were not subject to secondary sedimentation. At these sites, lithic artefacts were discarded by early hominids and incorporated into undisturbed natural loess deposits. Artefacts were contained in the loess deposits, and recovered due to loess extraction for brick manufacture. On the higher terraces, lithic artefacts were exposed on the surface of the higher terraces because of long-term land surface erosional processes. Loess stratigraphy of the second terrace belongs to the Lishi

关 键 词：大型石刀 定义 旷野旧石器地点 洛南盆地 陕西省 中国 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]