黑河中游间作农田的辐射收支特征分析  

Characteristics of Radiation Budget in Intercropping Field in the Middle Reach of Heihe River Basin

作　　者：吴锦奎[1] 丁永建[1] 魏智[1] 王根绪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所寒旱区流域水文与应用生态实验室

出　　处：《高原气象》2007年第2期286-292,共7页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：中日合作黑河流域水文过程研究项目;国家自然科学基金项目(30500075);中国气象局气候变化专项项目(CCSF-2005-2-QH39)共同资助

摘　　要：利用布设在黑河流域中游的张掖绿洲区的一套自动气象观测系统在2003—2004年的资料，分析了一个完整年度内春小麦和夏玉米间作农田生态系统的辐射收支及其变化特征。结果表明；太阳辐射Rs年平均为192．9W·m^-2·d^-1，冬、春季较小，夏、秋季较大。反射辐射Rr平均为37．8W·m^-2·d^-1在土壤裸露时较大，随着作物覆盖度的增大呈下降趋势。地表反射率平均为0．22，在年内的变化趋势与反射辐射Rr基本一致。地面向上长波辐射Rlu和向下长波辐射Rld年平均分别为353．3W·m^-2·d^-1和278．0W·m^-2·d^-1两者在1月份最小，从2月开始增大，到7月达到最大，随后持续降低至12月。有效辐射（Rlu-Rld）在农作物主要生长期的5～9月为70W·m^-2·d^-1左右，春末夏初增加较大。净辐射Rn全年日均值为79．8W·m^-2，占太阳辐射量Rs的35％。在作物的主要生长季节（5～9月）Rn日平均达141W·m^-2，在无作物生长的季节（1～2月和11～12月），Rn日均值在8W·m^-2左右。光合有效辐射PAR全年累积值为2580．9MJ·m^-2日均82．7W·m^-2占太阳辐射量Rs的42．2％。PAR在年度内变化大。在无作物生长季节，PAR日均值一般在40～50W·m^-2。3月PAR迅速增大，日平均值达到78W·m^-2，PAR在7月达到最大，日均值为128W·m^-2。Based on the experiments conducting in an intercropping field in Zhangye Oasis in the middle reach of Heihe River basin in 2003-2004, the characteristics of radiation budget are analyzed. The results show that the annual mean solar radiation Rs is 192. 9 W · m^-2 · d^-1. It is lower in winter and spring, and higher in the other two seasons. Reflecting radiation Rr, which has an annual mean value of 37.8 W · m^-2 · d^-1, varies with the vegetation of crops. When the soil is bare, it is higher. While the soil is covered with crops, it is getting lower. The surface albedo, with a mean value of 0.22, has a same trend with Rr. the annual mean values of upward longwave radiation and downward longwave radiation are 353.3 W · m^-2 · d^-1 and 278.0 W · m^-2 · d^-1 , respectively. They both have a minimum value in January, increase in February and reach the maximum value in July. The surface effective radiation（Rlu-Rld）is about 70 W · m^-2 · d^- 1 from May to September. It rapidly rises in the end of spring and the beginning of summer. The net radiation, with an annual mean 79.8 W · m^-2, takes up 35% of Rs. In the main growing stages（from May to September ）, daily mean R. is 141 W · m^-2. In the months of no crops growing（i. e. , January, February, November and December）, it is 8 W · m^-2 · d^-1. The annual total of photosynthetically active radiation（PAR） is 2580.9 MJ · m^-2 with a daily mean 82.7 W· m^-2. It takes up 42.2% of Rs. PAR varies in the year. The daily mean varies between 40～50 W · m^-2 without growing months. In March, it rapidly increases and reaches 78 W · m^-2. In July, PAR gets the maximum value of 128 W · m^-2 .

关 键 词：黑河中游 辐射收支 长波辐射 短波辐射 光合有效辐射 

分 类 号：P422[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]