青藏高原的抬升和夷平过程对气候与环境的影响  

INFLUENCES OF SEVEN TIBETAN PLATEAU RAISING PROCESSES ON CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT

作　　者：汤懋苍[1] 董文杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州高原大气物理研究所

出　　处：《高原气象》1997年第1期23-29,共7页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家攀登项目"青藏高原形成演化;环境变迁与生态系统的研究"的资助

摘　　要：系统地讨论了高原隆起前的早第三纪至现代青藏高原的７次抬升过程对气候和环境的影响，应用气象学理论分析了当时气候形成的原因。主要结论：（１）高原隆起前的干热气候是由于隆起前全球地势平坦，致使大气热机效率很低之故；（２）渐新世初高原的水平尺度达到了斜压大气地转适应的临界尺度，大气环流从南北两极“两涡对峙”突变成地球三极的“三涡鼎立”，气候发生突变；（３）分析了２．５Ｍａ时高原抬升到２０００ｍ这一重要临界高度后大气环流的一系列相应变化；（４）计算、比较了最大冰期地气系统能量平衡与现代的差异。In this paper,it is systematically discussed that the influences of seven Tibetan Plateau raising processes on climate and environment. The cause of climate formation is analyzed by means of meteorological theory. The main conclusions are those: (1) the cause of hot-dry climate before elevation of plateau is that the efficiency of atmospheric heat engine is lower than after the elevation owing to flatter global landform;(2) at the beginning of Oligocene Epoch,the horizontal scale of plateau reached the critical scale of geostraphic adjustment of baroclinic atmosphere,following which atmospheric general circulation changed from “two vortexes in south pole and north pole stand facing each other” pattern into “three vortexes tripartite confrontation” pattern,or climate suddenly changed;(3) a series of variability in atmospheric general circulation,corresponding to the plateau's reaching 2 000 m,an important critical height,at 2.5 Ma B P is analyzed;(4) the energy balance of earth-atmosphere system at the Great Ice age is estimated,and the difference between the energy balance at the Grent and at present is contrasted,based on which the climate during that period is discussed,moreover,the mean plateau elevation is evaluated lower than 3 000 m at 0.5 Ma B P.

关 键 词：青藏高原 抬升 夷平作用 气候 环境 

分 类 号：P461.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X828[环境科学与工程—环境工程]