中国热带东、西部地区冬季气候的差异与橡胶树的引种  

THE DIFFERENTIATIONS IN WINTER CLIMATES OF THE ESTERN PART WESTERN PART AND OF THE TROPICAL CHINA AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE INTRODUCTIOIN OF RUBBER TREE

作　　者：江爱良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然资源综合考察委员会

出　　处：《地理学报》1997年第1期45-53,共9页Acta Geographica Sinica

摘　　要：由于青藏高原的动力影响，使得西部地区冬季出现下沉气流，因而多日照而利于橡胶树的越冬；而东部则出现上升气流，少日照而不利越冬。又由于青藏高原高大山体，冬季明显地阻挡低层冷空气平流，导致高原南侧的西部地区冬季降温和缓而有利橡胶树越冬；而东部地区因无高大山体阻挡，寒潮初期降温剧烈而后期低温阴雨天气持续甚久。Tropicl China were divided into two parts(sub regions)eastern part and western part by Chinese botanists and geographers∶Huge amount of rubber trees(Brasiliensis Hevea)were cultivated in both parts of above mentioned regions in the beginning of 1950's or 1960's Remarkable differences in growing conditions of rubber trees in these two parts were found after planting. The rubber trees in the eastern part suffered heavy cold injury frequently during overwintering period and finally diminished and perished completely or almost completely owing to unfavorable winter climate; but the rubber trees in western part have been growing normally, Even though in some cold winters they suffered cold damage but they recovered very soon after ovcrwintcring. And the yicld of latex incrcases year by year, and it is of benefit to the loeal people. A comparison of overwintering climates in these two parts was made. No significant differences in both minimum and mean temperature were found. But great difference in sunshine durations in these two parts was found, Viz, rich sunshine in the western part and poor sunshine in the eastern part. And also the difference in the pattern of temperature drop for these two parts during cold wave outbreak inter, was found the temperature drop in the eastern part is quite abrupt and the temperature drop in the western part is rather gentle. Besides there appears frequently a long spell (several even more than 10 days) of overcast and chilly days during outhreak of cold wave in the eastern part but there appears only a short spell (1 to 3 days) of overcast and chilly days in the western part. Such a long spell of overcast and chilly weather will usually cast the cold injury of rubber trees. The cause of these differences is due to the dynamic effects of Qinghai Xizang plateau. Two aspects should be considered: (1) The position of jet stream in Asia in winter shifts southwards and it hits the western corner of the Qinghai Xinghai Plateau. And somethin like stationary wave is induced, hence the

关 键 词：热带地区 气候 橡胶树 引种 

分 类 号：S794.104[农业科学—林木遗传育种]