两性孪联表面活性剂的合成及溶液性质  

Synthesis and Properties of Four Zwitterionic Surfactants

作　　者：郑延成[1] 韩冬[2] 王红庄[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学化学与环境工程学院,湖北荆州434023 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院石油采收率所,北京100083

出　　处：《化学通报》2007年第4期309-312,共4页Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点基础研究资助项目(G19990225)

摘　　要：用C10-C16脂肪醇与2-氯-2-氧-1，3，2-二氧磷杂环戊烷低温反应生成环状磷酸酯的中间产物，再用N，N-二甲基十二胺在亲核溶剂中65℃下开环反应合成了4种含N^＋和磷酸根阴离子的两性孪联表面活性剂C10-C12、C12．C12、C14-C12和C16-C12，其质量收率分别为32％、54％、18％和28％。产物的结构通过1HNMR和元素组成分析，表明两性离子表面活性剂C、H、O、N的分析值与理论计算值偏差不超过0．3％。四种表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度（cmc）在0．0072—0．0125mmol／L之间，临界胶束浓度时表面张力（γcmc）依次为23．90、25．61、27．68和36．08mN／m。其中，C10．C12、C12．C12和C14-C12有较好的界面活性，加入盐可以使表面活性剂与烷烃间的界面张力下降，但下降程度有限，不能达到超低界面张力（10^-3mN／m）。Four novel zwitterionic surfactants （C10-C16-C12） each with two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups in the molecule （so-called heterogemini surfactants） have been synthesized by reaction of fatty alcohols with the cyclic ethylene chlorophosphate to yield the intermediates, which were subsequently ring-opened by an alkyldimethylamine. Four products were produced in mass percents yield of 32%, 54%, 18% and 28%, respectively. Structures of products were identified by 1HNMR and elemental analysis, which showed that the mass variations of contents of C, H, O, N in the four products with that of formula were less than 0.3%. The cmc values were in the range of 0.0072 - 0.0125mmol/L and the values of surface tensions at cmc are 23.90,25.61,27.68 and 36.08mN/m respectively. The three zwitterionic surfactants （C10-C12,C12-C12,C14-C12） exhibit good interfacial activities,while that of C16-C12 has weak interfacial activity. The interfacial tension between gemini surfactant solution and alkenes was reduced a little along with the increase of salt concentration in aqueous solution, which shows that salt has small effect on the surface activity of zwitterionic surfactants.

关 键 词：孪联表面活性剂 两性 结构 表征 界面张力 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]