CIMMYT种质及育种技术在四川小麦品种改良中的利用  

Utinization of CIMMYT germplasm and breeding technologies in wheat improvement in Sichuan,China

作　　者：邹裕春[1] 杨武云[1] 朱华忠[1] 杨恩年[1] 蒲宗君[1] 伍铃[1] 张颙[2] 汤永禄[1] 黄钢[2] 李跃建[2] 何中虎 Ravi Singh S.Rajaram 

机构地区：[1]四川省农科院作物研究所,四川成都610066 [2]四川省农科院,四川成都610066 [3]CIMMYT [4]ICARDA

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2007年第2期183-190,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：联合国粮农组织中国-CIMMYT小麦穿梭合作项目

摘　　要：1966年,第一份CIMMYT育成小麦品种Penjamo 62引入四川,1989年中国和CIMMYT签订小麦穿梭合作育种协议、四川被指定为我国3个春麦穿梭点之一。之后,四川开始较为系统地利用CIMMYT种质和育种新技术,以提高四川小麦育种水平,加速四川小麦新品种选育步伐。在这一漫长过程中,我们深刻体会到,CIMMYT真正对四川小麦育种最具影响力的是三个方面:引进有用种质;提供育种新技术和新思路;科学家交流及对青年专家的培训。如何才能在四川小麦育种中充分发挥和有效利用CIM-MYT的这些优势去提高四川小麦的育种水平?我们的基本做法是:加大CIMMYT种质在四川生态下的筛选力度;以我院原有小麦育种项目及积累的育种材料为基础,有针对性地选择冬春杂交、穿梭育种、改良混合选择和微效多基因持久抗性等CIMMYT育种新技术及新思路,结合已较为成熟的DH群体及重组自交系群体等分子技术,构建新的育种体系;由于生态条件的巨大差异,坚持以引进改良、自育创新为主,CIMMYT/四川//四川及冬/春//春已证明是利用CIMMYT种质资源较好的杂交模式;以熟悉四川育种及CIMMYT育种的专家及在CIMMYT接受过培训的青年专家为核心,组成目标明确、分工合作的育种及科研团队,并坚持不懈,是成功利用CIMMYT种质及技术的基础;加大双方科学家互访及对青年科学家的培训力度和信息资料的及时交流,增进双方科学家对对方育种理念、生态环境、育种资源、技术经验以及育种材料的田间长相等的更深刻认识和体验,从而增强双方工作的针对性与互动性,这是有效利用CIMMYT种质及技术经验的成功保证。截至2006年,选用CIMMYT种质由四川育种家育成的小麦新品种已达19个,其中有3个还通过了国家品种审定,一个是世界上首次利用CIMMYT人工合成种育成的商用小麦新品种。这批新品种在四川表现出三方面的突出优In 1966, the first CIMMYT reIeased wheat variety Penjamo 62 was introduced into Sichuan ;in 1989, the agreement of China- CI- MMYT wheat shuttle breeding collaborative project was signed in Beijing and Sichuan was designated one of the three spring wheat shuttIe sites in China. Since then ,wheat breeders in Sichuan started to use CIMMYT germplasm and breeding technoIogies regnlarIy for improving wheat breeding in Sichuan. In this long period of cooperation with CIMMYT,we realized that the very important and helpful things we got from CIMMYT in our wheat improvement in Sichnan were basically three areas：the exchange of useful breeding germplasm;the offering of new breeding strategies and technologies;and the exchange of scientists,especially the training course for young breeders from Sichuan. What we should do and how we could do to use these CIMMYT gormplasm and advanced technologies in improving wheat breeding work in Sichuan？ Our basic experience are as followings ： （i） screen introduced CIMMYT germplasm under Sichuan ecologic environments intesively; （ii） based on the breeding programs in our academy and breed/ng materials and breeding systems they have,severn/CIMMYT basic,new and advanced breeding technologies and strategies were chose,such as winter/spring,shuttle breeding,modified - bulked selection ,and multi - minor genes durable resistance of yellow rust,to improve and form a more effective breeding system in Sichuan with the DH population method and RILs we learned from a China -ACIAR Sichuan wheat improvement project; （iii）because the big difference of ecologic environments and the genetic background of gormplasm between CIMMYT and Sichuan ,we emphasize that introducing is just for improving and creating our own new breeding system,for example,we introduced winter/spring method from CIMMYT but now we modified it into winter/springc//spfing,or CIM- MYT/Sichuan//Sichuan and these were indicated very helpful breeding pattern in using CIMMYT germplasm in Sichnan;（IV） formed a sci- en

关 键 词：CIMMYT 四川 小麦 育种合作 穿梭育种 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]