大庆油田本源微生物群落分布及采油机理研究  

Study on authigenous microorganism community distribution and oil recovery mechanism in Daqing Oilfield

作　　者：杨振宇[1] 石梅[1] 王大威[2] 常剑飞[1] 窦绪谋[1] 

机构地区：[1]大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆163712 [2]大庆石油学院,黑龙江大庆163318

出　　处：《石油学报》2006年第B12期95-100,105,共7页Acta Petrolei Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2005CB221308)"微生物提高采收率基础研究"部分成果。

摘　　要：采用微生物分子生态学方法在大庆油田各采油厂取126个油水样,对其中的微生物群落和细菌代谢速率进行了分析,检测出大庆油田地层水中含有11种好氧和厌氧类型的本源微生物,首次探索了聚合物驱后油层中菌群的生态分布及适合本源微生物采油技术的潜力。同时研究了本源微生物代谢机理和好氧与厌氧菌在代谢上存在的相关性,研究显示在油层形成好氧菌-乙酸盐菌-产甲烷菌的共生体系。并分离到一株代谢脂肽类表面活性物质的枯草芽孢杆菌,该菌种发酵液的界面张力降低了90.29%。模型实验中本源菌提高采收率幅度在9.4%以上,产生气体使压力上升了0.2 MPa。室内研究证明在大庆油田选择性地激活地层中的本源微生物采油菌,可以有效地提高油藏采收率。By microbial molecular ecology method, 126 oil/water samples from different oil production plants in Daqing Oilfield has been collected and studied. Analysis and measurement of the microorganism community and bacteria metabolic rate in these samples indicate that there are 11 types of aerobic and anerobic authigenous microbes in the formation water of Daqing Oilfield. For the first time, the ecologic distribution of bacteria community in the oil layer after polymer flooding and the potential of authigenous microorganism oil recovery technology have been researched. Moreover, the authigenous microorganism metabolic mechanism and the metabolic correlation between aerobic and anerobic bacteria have been discussed in detail. The study shows that a symbiosis relationship among aerobic bacteria, acetate bacteria and methanogen exists in oil layers. If separated to a bacillus subtilis metabolizing fatty surfactant, the interracial tension of the fermentation liquor of this bacterium type decreases by 90.29%. Simulation experiment indicates that authigenous bacteria can enhance recovery factor by 9.40% and the generated gas can lift pressure by 0.2 MPa. Lab study has proved that selective activation of authigenous microorganism oil production bacteria in the formation in Daqing Oilfield can effectively enhance oil recovery.

关 键 词：本源微生物 油藏地层水 分子生态学 微生物群落分析 微生物采油 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]