西双版纳海拔变化对水湿状况的影响  

Influence of the Altitudinal Increase on Water and Humidity Conditions,Xishuangbanna

作　　者：郑征[1] 李佑荣[1] 张树斌[1] 段文平[1] 张一平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园昆明分部,云南昆明650223

出　　处：《山地学报》2007年第1期33-38,共6页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2003CB415100);国家自然科学基金项目(30170168);云南省自然科学基金项目(2003C0070M);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(No.KZCX1-SW-01)资助~~

摘　　要：对西双版纳三个海拔梯度（570m、1105m、1610m）的水湿状况进行了3a的观测（2002～2004年）。随海拔上升，年平均降雨量增加，年平均相对湿度降低，总雾日数减少，年平均气温和水气压线性递减，降雨日数和蒸发量的变化相对较小。随海拔上升，雨季（5～10月）降雨量显著增加，但干季（11-4月）降雨量变化很小，其中在干热季节（3～4月）还会降低。雨季空气相对湿度随海拔上升而增加，但干季的情况却相反。在海拔570m，雾凉季节（11～2月）的雾日为100d，而海拔1105m和1610m，此时期的雾日都仅为6d。以上结果显示：在印度季风环境下，山地与低海拔的坝子相比，干湿季节交替更加明显，在山地上干季期间不存在雾凉季节，在雨季期间，热带山地雨林的水湿气候条件优于较低海拔的季节雨林，但干季山地雨林的水湿条件更差。We measured conditions of water and humidity on three altitudinal gradients （570 m, 1 105 m and 1 610m） in Xishuangbanna for three years （2002 - 2004）. With the increasing elevation, annual mean rainfall increased, annual mean relative humidity and total foggy days decreased, annual mean temperature and mean vapour pressure descended linearly, nevertheless the variations of annual total rainy days and evaporation on three altitudinal gradients were relatively on the smaller side. With the increasing altitude, the rainfall increased markedly during rainy season （ May ～ October）, but it changed little during dry season （ November ～ next April ）. However the rainfall decreased during dry-hot season （March ～ April）. Along the altitudinal increase, the relative humidity increased in the rainy season but decreased in the dry season. The foggy days reached 100 during the foggy-cool season on the altitude of 570 m, meanwhile, the foggy days were merely 6 on the altitudes of both 1 105 m and 1 610 m. Our results suggest： the dry season and the humid season alternate more markedly on montane area than on lowlands in the environment of Indo monsoon, there does not exist the foggy-cool season on the montane area, the conditions of water and humidity on tropical montane rain forest are superior to the ones of tropical seasonal rain forest in rainy season, but worse in the dry season.

关 键 词：海拔 降雨量 相对湿度 蒸发量 雾 热带雨林 西双版纳 

分 类 号：S161[农业科学—农业气象学]