Production of Partial New-typed Brassica Napus by Introgression of Genomic Components from B. rapa and B. carinata  

通过白菜型油菜和埃塞俄比亚芥的A^r和C^c基因组导入创造甘蓝型油菜新材料(英文)

作　　者：栗茂腾[1,2] 刘建民[3] 王艳婷[3] 余龙江[3] 孟金陵[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室 [2]华中科技大学生命科学与技术学院,武汉430070 [3]华中科技大学生命科学与技术学院

出　　处：《Journal of Genetics and Genomics》2007年第5期460-468,共9页遗传学报（英文版）

基　　金：This study was supported by High Project of Science and Technology in China (No. 2001AA21110103);Doctoral Foundation of Education Department in China (No. 20020504009).

摘　　要：A breeding strategy for widening the germplasm of Brassica napus was proposed by introgression of the A^r subgenome of B. rapa （A^rA^r） and C^c of B. carinata （B^cB^cC^cC^c） into natural B. napus （AnAncncn）. The progenies with 38 chromosomes that were derived from the self-pollinated seeds of pentaploid hybrids （A^rA^nB^cC^cC^n） were used for further research. Some of the partial new-typed B. napus showed normal meiotic behavior, high portion of germinated pollen and normal embryological development. This indicates that the selected new-typed B. napus had a balanced genetic base. Molecular analysis showed that about 50% of the genome in the new-typed B. napus was replaced by A^r and C^c subgenome from B. rapa and B. carinata. Considering the genetic diversity among different lines of new-typed B. napus, it was deduced that the introgression of the genomic components from B, rapa and B. carinata could widen the genetic diversity of rapeseed.油菜是目前我国主要种植的油料作物之一,但现有的种质资源限制了产量的进一步提高。本研究采取了一种新的育种方式来增加甘蓝型油菜的种质资源,即通过远缘杂交结合分子标记辅助选择的方式将白菜型油菜的Ar基因组和埃塞俄比亚芥的Cc对现有的甘蓝型油菜品种的基因组(AnAnCnCn)进行部分替换。通过对五倍体杂交后代(ArAnBcCcCn)进行染色体选择,找到了染色体数目为38的材料。为了和现有的甘蓝型油菜进行区分,得到的新材料被认定为甘蓝型油菜新材料。实验结果表明,得到的部分甘蓝型油菜新材料具有基本正常的减数分裂过程、正常的花粉萌发以及胚囊发育过程,这说明甘蓝型油菜新材料达到了遗传平衡。分子标记分析表明:甘蓝型油菜新材料的约50%的基因组被白菜型油菜的Ar基因组和埃塞俄比亚芥的Cc替换,并且这些甘蓝型油菜新材料之间具有丰富的遗传多样性。因此,白菜型油菜的Ar基因组和埃塞俄比亚芥的Cc基因组导入对于丰富现有的甘蓝型油菜种质资源具有明显的效果。

关 键 词：new-typed B. napus pollen germination embryo sac development genome introgression genetic distance 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]