麦套Bt棉田的经济效益和对棉蚜及天敌的影响  

Economic profit of wheat transgenic Bt cotton intercropping culture and its effect on cotton aphids and natural enemies

作　　者：马晓牧[1] 张惠珍 刘小侠[1] 丁军[3] 张青文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院昆虫学系,北京100094 [2]邯郸市植物保护站,河北邯郸056001 [3]邯郸市农业科学院,河北邯郸056001

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2007年第2期167-172,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家科技部"973"项目(2006CB100204);国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2001BA507A-11-02)

摘　　要：2004～2005年,在冀南棉区调查了麦套Bt棉田对棉花苗期蚜虫和天敌的影响及其经济效益。结果表明,麦套棉田的棉蚜数量均显著低于对照田(P<0.05),其高峰期的蚜虫种群数量低于防治指标,且受棉蚜的危害程度小于对照田。麦套棉田中的瓢虫和僵蚜的种群数量显著高于对照田和化防田,与对照田相比,麦套棉田中的瓢虫发生高峰期提前10天左右。化防田的籽棉产量高于麦套棉田和对照田,但麦套棉田2004和2005年的综合经济效益分别为1.7万元/hm2和2.08万元/hm2,比化防田多0.53万元/hm2和0.57万元/hm2。试验结果还表明,棉花苗期蚜虫能够显著影响棉花产量,采用套种等多熟种植模式可以作为Bt棉有害生物综合治理的重要组成部分。Field studies were conducted to investigate economic profit of intereropping system of wheat and Bt cotton and its effect on cotton aphids and natural enemies at seedling stage during 2004 -2005 in south of Hebei Province. The field experiments consist of wheat intercrop transgenic Bt cotton field （ W/ CF）, transgenic Bt cotton field used chemical insecticides to control cotton aphids only at seedling stage （CCF）, and transgenic Bt cotton control field without pesticide use （CF）. Each treatment plot was 667 m^2. Treatments were replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The arthropod collected included cotton aphids （Aphis gossypii Glover） , and natural enemies （ladybeetles, spiders and mummified aphids）. Wheat and seed cotton yield were also investigated. The results indicated that W/CF significantly suppressed cotton aphids density compared with CF （P 〈 0.05 ） , and obviously reduced the cotton damage by cotton aphids. More natural enemies, especially ladybeetles and mummified aphids, were observed in W/CF than those in CF and CCF, and the peak day of ladybeetle was earlier about 10 days in W/CF than CF. CCF had the highest seed cotton yield, followed by W/CF and CF. However, the total economic income of W/CF was 1.7 × 10^4 yuan/hm^2（2004） and 2.08×10^4 yuan/hm^2 （2005）, respectively, which were higher than that of CCF and CF. The cotton aphids at seedling stage can significantly reduce cotton yield and intercropping model could serve as a key tactic in IPM of Bt cotton in northem China.

关 键 词：棉花 小麦 棉蚜 套种 

分 类 号：S435.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]