龟纹瓢虫广东种群和北京种群的耐热性比较研究  

Comparative study on heat tolerance of Guangdong and Beijing populations of Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)

作　　者：程树兰[1] 张帆[1] 庞虹[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植保环保所,北京100089 [2]中山大学昆虫学研究所,广州510275

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2007年第4期376-382,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"计划项目(2002CB111407);北京市科技计划项目(D0705002040191)

摘　　要：本文以龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica（Thunberg）的广东和北京两地区种群为材料，对其进行了在不同温度（26℃．36℃）下的发育历期、存活率、种群性比、产卵量的试验观察及对蛹重、幼虫致死高温、亚致死高温预处理、可溶性蛋白质含量的测定等。结果显示：（1）34℃以上温度对两种群龟纹瓢虫的各世代历期均产生了不同程度的影响。广东种群，34℃下的4龄幼虫、成虫产卵前期和世代历期开始延长，在36℃时除1龄幼虫和蛹外，其它虫态的发育历期均比34℃时的显著延长；北京种群，在36℃时，2龄和4龄幼虫的发育历期开始表现为显著延长。雄性比例，在26℃～36℃范围内随着温度上升而增大，至36℃时，两种群成虫均为雄性。从产卵量看，两种群在34℃下急剧下降。（2）在供试条件下，两种群各龄期的存活率，在36℃下开始明显下降，其中对低龄幼虫和卵期影响最大。广东种群卵的孵化率从26℃时的64．3％下降到34℃时的42．3％，36℃下的则降为20．7％，下降了67．8％；北京种群卵的孵化率从26℃处理的58．0％，下降到34℃处理的44％，36℃处理仅为12．3％，下降了78．8％。（3）广东种群和北京种群各龄幼虫致死温度相同，分别为1、2龄幼虫44℃、3龄幼虫45℃、4龄幼虫46℃。经39℃亚致死高温预处理150min后，广东种群和北京种群4龄幼虫在46℃下的存活率分别提高了72％和43．5％。（4）在26℃～34℃之间，随着温度的上升，成虫和4龄幼虫体内可溶性蛋白的含量上升。在常温下生长的4龄幼虫和成虫经39℃、4l℃和43℃热激1h后，4龄幼虫体内可溶性蛋白含量上升，成虫体内可溶性蛋白含量却下降。广东种群4龄幼虫和成虫经39℃热激后可溶性蛋白含量最高，而北京种群经43℃热激后含量最高。本文结果初步明确了龟纹瓢虫对较高温度的忍耐性，发现在36The heat tolerance and sensitivity to temperature of Guangdong and Beijing populations of Propylea japonica （Thunberg）, was studied at different temperatures （26℃ -36℃ ）. The growth and fecundity of P. japonica at different temperatures, the lethal high temperatures of P. japonica larvae, and the survival rates of 4th larvae at lethal temperatures after pretreatment at lethal high temperature were observed, and the soluble protein content of P. japonica after heat shock at high temperatures was assayed with Bradford＇s method. The growth and fecundity of two populations were significantly obstructed at 36℃, with durations of developmental stages extended, and survival rates and fecundity decreased. From 26℃ to 36℃, the sex ratio of female to male changed markedly as the temperature increased. At 36℃, the adults were all male. The lethal high temperatures to larvae of both Guangdong and Beijing populations were same, as 1st - 2nd instar larva, 3rd instar larva, and 4th instar larva all died after treatment respectively at 44℃, 45℃, and 46℃ for an hour.The survival rates of the 4th instar larvae of Guangdong and Beijing populations at 46 ℃ were improved after pretreatment at lethal high temperature 39℃ for 120 or 150 min, with the survival rate of Guangdong population higher than that of Beijing population. With the temperature increasing within 26℃ to 34℃, the soluble protein content of adult and the 4th larvae increased. But after heated at 39℃, 41 ℃ and 43℃ for one hour, the soluble protein content of the 4th larvae increased while that of the adult decreased. The soluble protein content of adult and the 4th larvae of Guangdong population was highest after being heated at 39 ℃ for one hour, as Beijing population was highest after being heated at 43℃ for one hour. Within the temperature range of 26℃ to 36℃, the heat tolerance were not much different between Guangdong and Beijing populations.

关 键 词：龟纹瓢虫 广东种群 北京种群 温度 耐热性 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]