城乡交错区蔬菜生态系统氮循环的数值模拟研究  

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SOIL NITROGEN CIRCLING IN PERI-URBAN VEGETABLE FARMING SYSTEMS

作　　者：张东升[1] 史学正[2] 于东升[2] 黄标[2] 赵永存[2] 黄耀[1] Ingrid born Martin Larsson 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [3]瑞典农业大学土壤系

出　　处：《土壤学报》2007年第3期484-491,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：欧盟项目(RURBIFARM;Contract No:ICA4-CT-2002-10021);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-427);国家自然科学基金重大项目(NO30390080)资助

摘　　要：GLEAMS是美国农业部开发的一个模拟农田氮磷循环的模型,主要用来评价农田管理措施的环境效益。本研究运用GLEAMS模型模拟了南京市东郊蔬菜生态系统的氮素循环,将氮素的主要来源和去向作了系统的分类和量化。模拟结果表明,从2003年7月到2005年7月,该区蔬菜生态系统通过施肥施入氮素3750kghm^-2,降水与灌溉水引入氮素57.0kghm^-2;氮素的输出主要有：淋溶1100kghm^-2、流失43.0kghm^-2、作物吸收960kghm^-2、氨态氮挥发260kghm^-2和反硝化913kghm^-2,氮素盈余531kghm^-2;并且计算出该区作物对氮素的吸收利用率仅为21.6%～25.2%。研究表明,该区农业生产对地下水环境的污染较大,农业生产系统的肥料利用率较低。本模拟研究为探索农田最佳施肥量,以及如何改善生态环境奠定了基础。GLEAMS （Groundwater Leaching Effect of Agricultural Management Systems） is a model developed by scientists of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and is mainly used to evaluate environmental effects of farming practices. The model was used to simulate the cycling of soil nitrogen in the peri-urban areas of Nanjing. Results showed that during the period from July 2003 to July 2005, nitrogen input reached 3 810 kg hm^-2, of which 3 750 kg hm^-2 came from fertilization and animal waste, the rest 57.0 kg hm^-2 was from rainfall and irrigation. Nitrogen output was composed of leaching 1 100 kg hm^-2, runoff 43.0 kg hm^-2, crop uptake 960 kg hm^-2, volatilization 260 kg hm^-2 and denitrification 913 kg hm^-2, thus forming a surplus of 531 kg hm^-2 left in the soil as residue. On such a basis, nitrogen recovery ratio was calculated to be merely 21.6% ～ 25.2%. The results indicate that the agricultural system has low fertilizer use efficiency, but causes much pollution to the groundwater. The findings serve as a scientific basis for exploration of optimal fertilization recommendations and eco-environmental improvement in the region.

关 键 词：GLEAMS模型 城乡交错区 氮循环 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]