夏玉米垄作覆盖对农田土壤水分及其利用影响  

Influence of Bed-Planting and Strew Mulching System on Soil Water and Crop Using of Farmland

作　　者：王同朝[1] 卫丽[1] 王燕[1] 王俊忠[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业厅农业技术推广中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2007年第2期129-132,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：华北平原河南省保护性耕作技术集成示范(2004BA520A14C11);旱作区小麦夏玉米节水抗灾培肥一体化技术集成与示范(2004BA520A06-5)

摘　　要：在小麦-玉米1年两熟雨养旱农区，将垄作和秸秆覆盖技术结合起来，进一步提高天然降雨的利用效率。试验结果表明，在0～40cm土层含水量，夏玉米垄作覆盖较平作有显著的提高，以5～10cm表现尤为突出，随着土层的加深，这种差异逐渐减少；玉米冠层蒸发量平作平均值分别高于平作覆盖、垄作和垄作覆盖12．8％，7．6％和13．2％，地面蒸发量平作平均值分别高于平作覆盖、垄作和垄作覆盖48．6％，29．9％和54．3％；垄作覆盖比平作水分利用效率提高24．32％，叶片失水率较低。这说明了垄作覆盖能最大程度将天然降雨蓄存在土中，并转化为作物可用水资源。In order to explore the resource of rain-fall under rain-fed regions of wheat-summer corn planting system, it is useful measures to combine bed-planting and strew mulching for improving water use efficiency （WUE）. The experiment showed the summer corn cultivation of combinating bed-planting with strew mulching markedly increased the amount of soil water storage from 0～40 cm deep soil profile, especially in the scope of 5～ 10 cm, in contrast with the flatting cropping system. But the effects gradually decreased as soil profile extended deeply. The average value of free vaporizing on the top of corn population was 12.8%, 7.6%, 13.2% for the treatments of sole cropping with mulching, bed-planting, combinating bed-planting with mulching, respectively, in comparison with the treatment of sole cropping, but the average value of ground vaporizing 48.6% ,29.9%, 54. 3%, respectively. The system of bed-planting and mulching improved WUE by 24.32%, and the rate of leaf losing water was the lowest among the four treatments. The results implicate that the pattern of bed-planting and mulching can effectively storage rain fall, and translate the soil water resource into plant water available at most.

关 键 词：夏玉米 垄作覆盖 土壤含水量 雨养区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]