果梅花不同发育阶段花粉原位萌发及花粉管生长特性  

Study on characteristics of in situ pollen germination and tube growth at different floral stage in Prunus mume

作　　者：杜玉虎[1] 张绍铃[1] 姜雪婷[1] 张德林[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095

出　　处：《果树学报》2007年第3期373-377,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：高校博士学科点专项科研基金(B200523)。

摘　　要：为探明自花、异花花粉在果梅花的不同发育阶段原位萌发及生长的特性,以细叶青果梅为材料,取开花前6、4、2d、开花当天和花后2d的花(花蕾),分别于自花、异花授粉(莺宿)后12、24、48、72、96h切取花柱,用FAA固定液处理,荧光染色后压片观察。结果表明,自花花粉在柱头上的萌发率略低于异花(开花前4d存在显著差异),开花前6、4d极显著低于其他各阶段,花蕾越幼小花粉萌发越差,开花当天花粉萌发率超过80%;开花前4d之前的花柱内异花花粉管数量显著低于开花前2d及之后各期的,果梅开花前4d以前的花发育不充分;开花后2d生长到花柱基部的异花花粉管数量较多,属于有效授粉期。果梅在开花前4d开始具备抑制自花花粉管生长的能力,并且随着花的发育逐渐增强,开花当天最强,开花后开始减弱。果梅自交授粉期以开花前2～3d为宜。In order to investigate the characteristics of in situ pollen germination and tube growth of different floral stage in Prunus mume, growth of pollen tubes in the styles at different floral stage, including -6,-4,-2,0 and 2 days after anthesis （DAA） in Prunus mume after selfor cross-pollination was examined. Prunus mume cv. Xiyeqing was self-pollinated, and cross-pollinated with Prunus mume cv. Oushuku. At12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after pollination, subsequent growth of the pollen tubes in the styles was observed after fixed in FAA. Results showed that： the pollen germination of both the self- and cross-pollinated pollen grains on the stigma had no distinct difference at all stages tested, except -4 DAA, but the pollen germination was distinctly different at -6,-4 DAA. The younger the buds were the worse they germinated. The germination rate of the pollen collected at anthesis was over 80%. The number of cross-pollinated pollen tube in the styles younger than - 4 DAA was less than that older than -2 DAA significantly. It＇ s suggested that the ability of style procreation is weak before - 4 DAA and 2 DAA is effective pollination period. Self-pollen tubes were arrested to grow about -4 DAA, but increases as the flower matured, reaches the strongest at 0 DAA and starts to decrease after anthesis. The self pollination in the period before anthesis 2 to 3 d in Prunus mume is appropriate.

关 键 词：果梅 自交不亲和性 花粉原位萌发 花粉管生长 

分 类 号：S662.4[农业科学—果树学]