拉美民主的现状与未来——从权力结构的视角看拉美民主  

Power Structure and Democracy in Latin America

作　　者：高波[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学拉美研究中心

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2007年第2期23-29,80,共7页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：拉美民主向何处去?对于这个问题,学术界有迥然不同的回答。从拉美民主的现状来看,政治文化中非民主的成分仍然很大,公民社会发育不健全,公共机构腐败严重、运转不灵,选举缺乏实质意义,政党丧失社会信任,政策导向具有严重的倾向性,国际环境的影响也很不确定,权力高度集中于新兴的经济精英手中,权力结构出现严重失衡。在这种情况下,拉美社会不平等的程度会进一步加深。在宏观经济形势较好时,拉美的民主尚可保持稳定。一旦经济形势逆转,拉美的民主体制便岌岌可危。Latin American democracy is affected by(1)political culture;(2)functioning of the electoral system;(3)work of the public institutions;(4)political parties and civil organizations;(5)economic and political elites;(6)policy orientations;and(7)the international regime.In terms of consolidation of the democratic system,Latin American countries can be categorized as(1)consolidated,i.e.,Costa Rica,Uruguay and Chile;(2)relatively stable,i.e.,Brazil,Mexico and some other major countries of the region;(3)weak and risky,i.e.,most of the Central American and Andean countries.One of the most threat for Latin American democracy comes from(1)the inequality of income distribution which tends to cause social tensions;(2)authoritarian leaders who are democratically elected but fail to respect democracy after coming into power;(3)the military,which might intervene in politics when the social and economic conditions become uncontrolled by the civilian leaders.

关 键 词：拉美 民主 权力结构 新自由主义 

分 类 号：F173.4[经济管理—世界经济]