聋婴幼儿助听后的认知、交流及言语发育  

Development of cognition,communication,and vocalization in hearing impaired infants fitted with hearing aids

作　　者：黄丽辉[1] 韩德民[1] 汪涛[2] 加我君孝[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所 [2]上海复旦大学公共卫生学院卫生统计与社会医学 [3]东京大学医学部耳鼻咽喉科

出　　处：《中华医学杂志》2007年第16期1106-1108,共3页National Medical Journal of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30100207);中国博士后科学基金(2003033202)

摘　　要：目的探索聋婴幼儿助听后的认知、交流与言语发育的特征。方法将确诊为先天性重度聋的婴幼儿39例分为 A 组(20例,8个月以前开始助听)和 B 组(19例,8个月以后开始助听)。通过数字摄像机对受试儿童的行动、交流方式及发声进行录音和录像。对两组适应助听器和注视交流成立所需的时间,手指发声及其他言语发育的出现时间等作了统计学分析,并对两组的发声进行了声谱分析。结果适应助听器所需时间、注视交流成立所需时间和手指发声出现时间:A 组分别为(0.5±0.2)个月,(0.6±0.2)个月和(12.1±2.1)个月;B 组分别为:(2.3±0.5)个月,(2.2±0.3)个月和(16.1±4.5)个月;各项成绩 A 组优于 B 组,两组间的差异均有统计学意义。从言语发育分析,两组间过渡喃语出现时间的差异无统计学意义,标准喃语和有意语出现时间的差异有统计学意义。结论早期助听具有适应助听器时间短、易于形成注视交流、手指发声出现早和言语发育良好等特点;提示早期和有效的助听,是激发认知发育和促进言语发育的前提。Objective To study the characteristics of development of cognition, communication, and vocalization in congenitally hearing impaired infants with hearing aids. Methods Hearing aids were fitted to 39 congenitally hearing impaired infants ： 20 of them were fitted with the hearing aids before the age of 8 months （Group A）, and 19 of them after the age of 8 months （Group B）. Digital video camera was used to record the action, communication, and vocalization of the children. Results The time needed to be adaptable to the hearing aids of Group A was （0.5 ± 0.2 ） months, significantly shorter than that of Group B [ （2.2 ± 0.3 ） months, P 〈 0.01 ]. The time needed to establish communication by eyes was （0.6 ± 0.2 ） months in Group A, significantly shorter than that in Group B [ （2.3 ± 0.5 ） months, P 〈 0.01 ]. The time needed to present canonical babbling, communication by pointing behaviors, and meaningful words of Group A were （ 15.0 ± 1.8） months, （ 12. 1 ± 2. 1 ） months, and （ 17.3 ± 2.2） months respectively, all stigrnatically shorter than those of Group B [ （23.2 ±8.0） months, （ 16.1±4.5） months, and （32.6 ± 10.9） months respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ） ]. However, the time needed to present pre-canonical babbling of Group A was （4.3 ± 0.5） months, not significantly different from that of Group B [ （4.8 ± 0.6 ） months, P 〉 0. 05 ]. Conclusion Using the heating aids early and validly helps acquire good development of cognizance and speech in hearing impaired infants.

关 键 词：聋 助听器 儿童发育 交流障碍 言语声学 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]