镜鲤两个繁殖群体的遗传结构和几种性状的基因型分析  

Analysis of the genetic structure of two mirror common carp population and genotypes for some traits

作　　者：孙效文[1] 鲁翠云[1] 匡友谊[1] 金万昆 沈俊宝[1] 朱晓东[3] 李大宇[4] 马海涛[4] 于冬梅[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所农业部北方鱼类生物工程育种重点开放实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]国家级天津换新原良种场,天津301500 [3]上海水产大学生命科学与技术学院,上海200090 [4]大连水产学院生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产学报》2007年第3期273-279,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重大基础研究计划资助项目(2004CB117405);农业部"引进国际先进农业科学技术"计划[2006-G55(A)]

摘　　要：利用扩增效果好、在群体中具有多态性的28个微卫星标记,检测国家换新良种场的镜鲤繁殖群体和黑龙江水产研究所松浦实验场的镜鲤繁殖群体的遗传组成,计算了两个群体的有效等位基因数,期望杂合度和多态信息含量等遗传参数,换新与松浦两个群体的有效等位基因数分别为2.874和3.102,期望杂合度分别是0.565和0.603,多态信息含量分别是0.534和0.568;遗传结构分析研究结果表明这两个群体的多样性较高,信息含量丰富,具有进一步筛选出优良品种的遗传基础。但连锁不平衡分析表明这两个群体在较大的选择压力下,已严重偏离Hardy-Weniberg平衡,要保持群体的优良性状相关的遗传基础,应该在进一步的选种中注意增加群体的遗传多样性。也用28个基因座的不同基因型与换新208个亲本的体重值进行了连锁分析,得到12个与镜鲤体重相关的基因型,其中紧密相关的基因型3个;分析了一些严重偏离平衡的基因型,并分析了出现这种现象的可能原因,同时探讨了一些基因型与胚胎期致死或易感病基因连锁的可能性。为描述基因型偏离程度,创造了基因型偏离指数,并用其对群体中一些基因型出现的偏离现象进行了探讨。The genetic composition of populations for a species is mainly collection of its different genotypes in all loci. In this paper, 26 microsatellite markers which had been identified with amplification reaction very well and with polymorphism were used. Two breeding population of mirror carp that one is in National Level Tianjin Huanxin Quality Fish Farm an other one is in Songpu Fishery Station of Heilongjiang Fishery Institute were analyzed by those markers. Gene frequency （P）, observed heterozygosity （ Ho ）, expected heterozygosity （ He ）, polymorphism information contents （PIC）, and number of effective alleles （ Ne ） were determined. The linkage analysis was done between 26 loci and data from body weight of 208 individuals of Huanxin population, and 12 loci seems associated with body weight. Of those 12 loci, 3 are high significant linkage. Some significant deviate genotypes were also analyzed, and discuss the cause of this kind of deviation. It was discussed that whether those significant deviate genotypes linked with is a major determinant of fatal or near-fatal gene in early development of embryo of mirror carp, and that the possibility of those markers linked with genes sensitive to some diseases. For describe the content of those genotype deviation, an index named genotype deviate index was made. Few phenomenon of some genotypes deviation were studied using this new index.

关 键 词：镜鲤 繁殖群体 遗传结构 基因型 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]