可可西里地区藏羚羊、藏原羚和藏野驴的营养生态位  

Trophic niches of Pantholops hodgsoni,Procapra picticaudata and Equus kiang in Kekexili region

作　　者：殷宝法[1] 淮虎银[1] 张镱锂[2] 周乐[1] 魏万红[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学生物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2007年第4期766-770,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(90202012)

摘　　要：2004年8月,在可可西里自然保护区的楚玛尔河至五道梁一带观察藏羚羊、藏原羚和藏野驴的行为活动,并收集其粪便,运用粪便显微分析法对其食性进行研究,计算3种动物的营养生态位宽度和营养生态位重叠指数.结果表明:藏羚羊、藏原羚和藏野驴所采食的植物种类基本相似,但在食谱中所占的比例不同,禾本科植物在藏羚羊、藏原羚和藏野驴的食谱中所占的比例分别为58.7%、44.57%和92.28%.藏羚羊、藏原羚和藏野驴的营养生态位宽度分别为0.878、0.735和0.695.藏羚羊和藏野驴、藏羚羊和藏原羚、藏野驴和藏原羚的营养生态位重叠值(FT)分别为0.869、0.985和0.785.结合藏羚羊、藏原羚和藏野驴的生态习性,从营养生态位的角度探讨了它们之间竞争与共存的关系.Interspecies competition is the main factor determining the trophic niche width of sympatric species on both ecological and evolutionary levels. In August 2004, a microscopic analysis of feces was made to analyze the diet compositions of Pantholops hodgsoni, Procapra picticaudata and Equus kiang under free-living circumstances between Chuma River and Wudaoliang in the Kekexili National Nature Reserve. The trophic niche widths and overlaps of these herbivorous ungulates were calculated based on the diet compositions, and the results showed that these three ungulates had similar foods, but the proportions of their diet compositions were different. Gramineous plants were the main food sources for P. hodgsoni, P. picticaudata and E. kiang, accounting for 58.7% , 44. 57% and 92.28% of the diet, respectively. The trophic niche widths of P. hodgsoni, P. picticaudata and E. kianthese were 0. 878, 0. 735 and 0. 695, and the niche overlaps of P. hodgsoni and E. kiang, P. hodgsoni and P. picticaudata, and E. kiang and P. picticaudata were 0. 869, 0. 985 and 0. 785, respectively, which suggested that there was a potential intense competition a- mong them, especially for P. hodgsoni and P. picticaudata. The relations between competition and coexistence among P. hodgsoni, P. picticaudata and E. kiang were discussed from the viewpoints of their ecological characteristics and trophic ecology.

关 键 词：粪便显微分析法 营养生态位宽度 生态位重叠 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]