巨牡蛎对长江口环境的净化功能及其生态服务价值  

Purification function and ecological services value of Crassostrea sp.in Yangtze River estuary

作　　者：全为民[1] 张锦平[2] 平仙隐[1] 施利燕[1] 李培军[2] 陈亚瞿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室 [2]上海市环境监测中心,上海200030

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2007年第4期871-876,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(50339040);交通部长江口航道管理局资助项目

摘　　要：牡蛎礁生态系统是河口环境的天然污染处理厂.本文分析了长江口导堤巨牡蛎对重金属的生物富集作用,并评估了其对河口环境的净化功能和生态服务价值.结果表明:巨牡蛎对Cu、Zn和Cd的富集能力较强,其生物富集系数BCFs(bio-concentration factors)分别为(14.28±2.41)×103、(12.75±2.02)×103和(14.51±3.71)×103,Cu、Zn和Cd的沉积物生物富集系数BSAFs(biota-sediment accumulation factors)分别为26.78±4.53、23.24±3.69和16.62±4.25,巨牡蛎对6种重金属富集能力的大小顺序为Cu>Zn>Cd>As>Pb>Hg.整个长江口导堤巨牡蛎的现存量约为1.07×106t,鲜肉约为1.75×105t,其对养分和重金属的总累积量分别为:N1.462×106kg、P1×105kg、Cu24745kg、Zn58257kg、Pb609kg、Cd254kg、Hg0.18kg和As329kg.长江口导堤巨牡蛎去除营养盐和重金属所产生的环境效益价值约为每年317万元,等同于每年净化合流污水7.31×106t,相当于一个日处理能力约为2×104t的大型城市污水处理厂;巨牡蛎提供的栖息地价值约为每年510万元,合计生态服务价值约为每年827万元.Oyster reef ecosystem is a natural decontamination plant of estuarine environment. This paper analyzed the bioaeeumulation of heavy metals by Crassostrea sp. population at the dams of Yangtze River estuary, with its purification capacity and ecological services value assessed. The results indicated that Crassostrea sp. had a high capacity in bio-aeeumulating Cu, Zn and Cd, with the bio-coneentration factor （BCF） and biota-sediment accumulation factor （BSAF） being （ 14.28 ±2.41） ×10^3, （12.75±2.02） ×10^3 and （14.51±3.71） ×10^3 and 26. 78±4.53, 23.24± 3.69 and 16.62 ±4. 25, respectively. The bioaccumulation capacity decreased in the order of Cu 〉 Zn 〉 Cd 〉 As 〉 Pb 〉 Hg. The total weight and fresh meat weight of the oyster at the dams of Yangtze River estuary were about 1.07 × 10^6 t and 1.75 × 10^5 t, respectively, and the total storage of nutrients and heavy metals were 1. 462 × 10^6 kg N, 1 × 10^5 kg P, 24 745 kg Cu, 58 257 kg Zn, 609 kg Pb, 254 kg Cd, 0. 18 kg Hg and 329 kg As. The total ecological services value of the oyster reef was estimated at about 8.27 × 10^6 RMB · a^ -1 , including habitat value of about 5.10 × 10^6 RMB · a^-1 and environmental value of about 3. 17 × 10^6 RMB · a^-1. Such an environmental value was equivalent to the value of treating about 7.31 × 10^6 t combined sewage each year, and corresponded to a large municipal sewage plant with a treatment capacity about 20 000 t · d^-1.

关 键 词：长江口 巨牡蛎 生物富集 重金属 生态服务价值 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]