6个小黑麦品种产量构成性状的基因效应和配合力分析  

Analysis on Genetic Effect and Combining Ability of Yield Characters in Six Triticales

作　　者：王瑞清[1] 曹连莆[1] 闫志顺[2] 李诚[1] 邵红雨[1] 李春艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院 [2]新疆生产建设兵团农一师五团,新疆阿克苏843300

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2007年第3期428-432,共5页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家"863"计划子专题(2001AA241162)

摘　　要：为了给小黑麦育种工作提供理论依据,利用Griffing完全双列杂交方法Ⅱ,采用加性-显性模型对6个小黑麦亲本的单株产量、单株穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重、株高、穗下节间长和穗长7个产量构成性状的基因效应、遗传组成和配合力进行了研究。结果表明,千粒重的遗传由加性效应和显性效应共同控制,株高由加性效应起主要作用,而单株产量、每穗粒数和穗下节间长除加性效应和显性效应控制外,还可能受上位性效应和环境效应控制。除新小黑麦4号外,其它亲本的大部分性状的显性效应预测值达到了负的极显著水平,预示着这些亲本杂种后代的产量性状将有明显的自交衰退现象。新小黑麦3号、新小黑麦4号的千粒重、株高和穗下节间长的加性效应达到了极显著水平,一般配合力也较高,因此这两个品种宜作为改良产量构成性状的骨干亲本。新小黑麦5号×H03-7杂交组合的特殊配合力在所有性状上均表现为正向效应,可作为改善产量构成性状的杂交组合。The genetic studied for the grain weight, plant height, crossing model Ⅱ and effects, genetic composition and combining ability of 6 yield per plant, number of spikes per plant, kernels internode length below spike and length of spike by Gri additive-dominant model. The result indicated that 1000-triticale cultivars were per ffin gra spike, 1000-grain g＇s complete diallel in weight was controlled by both additive and dominant effects, and plant height was mainly controlled by additive effects. Whereas grain yield per plant, kernels per spike and internode length below spike were controlled not only by additive and dominant effects, but also by epistasis effects and environment effects. Except for Xin xiaoheimai 4, predicted dominant effects were at negative remarkably significant level in other parentsand showed that yield character of their crossed generations will be depression after selfing. 1000-grain weight, plant height and internodes length below spike of Xin xiaoheimai 3 and Xin xiaoheimai 4 were at remarkably significant level in additive effects and their general combining ability was the best, so they could be used as the core parents to improve the yield characters. The relative values of specific combining ability of all traits in Xin xiaoheimai 5 × H03-7 was all positive, and it could be considered as the key cross combinations in improving the yield of triticale.

关 键 词：小黑麦 基因效应 配合力 加性-显性遗传模型 

分 类 号：S512.4[农业科学—作物学] S330