基于有限元建模的敞车轻量化设计  

Lightweight Design of Open Top Wagon Using Updated Finite Element Models

作　　者：杨爱国[1] 张志强[1] 杨江天[2] 

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔铁路车辆(集团)有限责任公司技术中心,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161002 [2]北京交通大学机械与电子控制学院,北京100044

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2007年第3期79-83,共5页China Railway Science

基　　金：铁道部科技研究开发计划项目(2004J010)

摘　　要：以C76运煤敞车为原型,通过理论模态计算和试验模态分析,研究运煤敞车结构在整备状态下的动态特性,给出其空车和重载条件下的各阶模态频率和振型。研究车辆结构简化的原则和约束条件,运用ANSYS软件,建立敞车结构的有限元模型并予以试验校正。对车体结构进行轻量化设计,提出在车体侧墙中部和底部增加加强筋以增强车体主框架结构刚度,并适当降低面板厚度的轻量化设计方案。经对比分析表明,该轻量化方案可降低车体重量约0.77 t,并可有效提高车体结构的静、动态特性。该方案在载重80 t全钢运煤敞车设计中得到运用,并通过了线路测试。The dynamic characteristic of C76 open-top wagon is examined by computational and experimental modal analysis under the severing condition. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the tested wagon in empty and full loaded states are shown. Moreover, using the ANSYS software, the updated finite element model of the carbody is presented, along with the principles of model simplification and boundary conditions. In order to reduce the weight of carbody, a lightweight design of the carbody is de- veloped. Since adding local ribs on the side walls and underframe can enhance the structural stiffness of the carbody frame, the lightening approach is performed by reducing the thickness of the side wall plate. As a result, the weight of the carbody has been reduced by about 0.77 t, and the dynamic and static characteris- tics of the wagon have been improved. The lightening plan is successfully applied to the new design of an 80 t steel structural truck and is approved by road tests.

关 键 词：敞车 轻量化设计 有限元模型 模态分析 

分 类 号：U272.2[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.1[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]