哈尔滨城市人工林木本植物的多样性  

Woody Plant Diversity of Urban Plantation in Harbin

作　　者：苏平[1] 牟长城[2] 张彩虹[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江林业职业技术学院,牡丹江157011 [2]东北林业大学林学院 [3]东北林业大学

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2007年第5期32-35,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

摘　　要：采用样地网格调查方法与多样性指数分析方法,定量评价了哈尔滨城市人工林在维持木本植物多样性方面的作用,并通过分析林分更新层、演替层、主林层的多样性指数,探讨了城市人工林自然化过程及其近自然经营途径,以便为哈尔滨城市森林经营与生物多样性保护提供依据。结果表明:哈尔滨城市人工林经过40余年的发展,其林分由11～16种木本植物所组成,其中乔木6～9种,灌木4～7种,存在着明显的自然化过程;不同城市人工林类型在维持木本植物多样性作用方面存在着较大的差异性,其多样性指数(0.8282～2.3411)由高到低排序为兴安落叶松林>樟子松林>白桦林>黄檗林>水曲柳林>胡桃楸林;城市人工林木本多样性指数仅相当于相应区域天然次生林的47.0%(24.0%～67.8%),表明其自然化程度不如天然次生林强烈。同时指出,对城市人工林应采取近自然化的经营模式,即保持城市人工林的树种组成结构和垂直层次结构,以维持其生物多样性与自然演替过程。The role of six types of urban plantations in Harbin in maintaining woody plant diversity was assessed quantitatively by sample plot survey and diversity index analysis. The naturalization process and the approaching-nature management modes of the urban plantations were also discussed in terms of richness, evenness and Shannon-Wiener indexes of regeneration layer, succession layer, main storey, brush layer aiming to provide a basis for forest management and biodiversity protection. Results show that the urban plantations are composed of 11 - 16 plant species （6 -9 arbor species and 4 -7 shrub species） after 40-plus years of development, which shows an evident naturalization process. The urban plantations play different roles in maintaining plant diversity, and the sequence of Shannon-Weiner index （ 2. 341 1 - 0. 828 2） from high to low is Larix gmelini plantation, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, Betula platyphylla plantation, Phellodendron amurense plantation, Fraxinus mandshurica plantation, and Juglans mandshurica plantation. Shmmon-Weiner indexes of the urban plantations（24.0% - 67.8% ） are only 47.0% of the natural secondary forests grown in the same region, so their naturalization process is not as intense as the natural secondary forests. Approaching-nature management modes should be adopted to maintain reasonable species composition and vertical structure in urban forest management so as to keep biodiversity and natural succession process.

关 键 词：哈尔滨市 城市人工林 木本植物多样性 定量评价 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]