RNA干扰研究进展  

The Progress of RNA Interference

作　　者：廖银花[1] 贺修胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学肿瘤研究所,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2007年第5期773-776,共4页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

摘　　要：RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是指由双链RNA(double-strandedRNA,dsRNA)启动的序列特异的转录后基因沉默现象,广泛存在于真菌、植物和动物中。它是细胞内由双链RNA诱导降解与其配对的特定mRNA的过程。细胞内双链RNA在酶的作用下,形成20-25碱基大小的小干扰RNA(siRNAs),由siRNAs进一步掺入多组分核酸酶并使其激活,从而精确降解与siRNAs序列相同的mRNA,抑制该基因在细胞内的翻译表达。RNAi技术是近年来迅速发展起来的高效、特异、易操作的基因沉默技术。与反义寡核苷酸等传统方法相比,RNAi技术有着无可比拟的优势。本文就其近年的研究进展作一综述。RNA interference （RNAi） is the process of sequence-specific, post-transcriptional gene silencing initiated by double-stranded RNA, which widely exists in epiphyte, plants and animals. It is a process in which double stranded RNA triggers the degradation of a homologous mRNA. The double stranded RNA in cell is diced up a class of 20-25 nucleotide long RNA （siRNA） by the enzyme Dicer. The siRNA degrades its homologous mRNA to interfere with the gene expression by mixing with and activating multi-component nudeases. RNAi is a new biologic investigating tool that inhibits and reverses gene expression. It is also a newly developed simple gene-silence tool which is of high specificity and high efficiency. RNA interference is more promising than aptamers, antisense oligonudeotides and ribozymes. This article reviewed the progress of RNAi.

关 键 词：RNA干扰 小干扰RNA 基因沉默 

分 类 号：Q813.6[生物学—生物工程]