水稻中超氧诱导与稻瘟菌抗性及苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性诱导的关系  

Relationship among Generation Rate of Superoxide, Resistance of Rice to Blast Fungi and Activation of Inducible Phenylalanine Ammonia- lyase, Chitinase,β-1,3-glucanase

作　　者：肖拴锁[1] 王钧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海植物生理研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》1997年第2期93-102,共10页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

摘　　要：19个水稻（OryzasativaL.）品种和8个稻瘟菌生理小种，或它们菌丝代谢产物（RBHM）组成的亲和与非亲和组合，及一些品种和稻瘟菌生理小种间交叉组合的实验结果表明.在非亲和组合中的水稻品种都有超氧（O2-）产率的诱导升高。毛地黄皂苷诱导O2-产率增高同时，也使稻苗对原亲和病原表现出抗性。二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸（DDTC）对超氧歧化酶（SOD）活性近乎完全抑制时，能使O2-产率猛增;N-乙烯马来酰亚胺（NEM）近乎完全清除O2-时，也可增加SOD活性。放线菌素D和环己亚胺处理后能抑制SOD活性，而使O2-产率明显增高。除了抗病时苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性诱导比感病时增长较强或较早外，无论用RBHM也好，毛地黄皂苷、DDTC、NEM也好，PAL活性都会增加。但它们都不能诱导几丁酶、β-1，3-葡聚糖酶活性升高。这样，PAL活性的诱导似乎并不是水稻对病原攻击一种特异的反应。几丁酶、β-1，3-葡聚糖酶活性诱导升高未必与O2-产率相关，而且诱导它们表达的信号传导与PAL也可能是不相同的。The generation of superoxide(O2-) in incompatible and compatible combinations among nineteen rice (Oryza sativa L. ) cultlvars and eight Pyricularia oryzae races or their hyphal metabolites (RBHM) had been measured. The O2- generation was enhanced in incompatible combinations but not in compatible combinations. Digitonln could induce O2-generation increased rapidly in rice seedlings and accompanied by the increase of their resistance to the Infection by compatible blast pathogen. Dethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), the inhibitor of cooper-type superoxide dismutase (SOD), could induce O2 -generation seriously. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), the scavenger of O2, could induce the increase of rice SOD activity. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide could also induce O2-generation accompanied by the inhibition of SOD activity. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) could be induced stronger and faster in incompatible system than in compatible system. However,the inducible PAL activity seems to be no specific relationship to rice resistance to blast infection because it could be induced by many different chemicals including digitonin, DDTC and NEM. The activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase could not be induced by DDTC, NEM and digitonin. Their activation seems no relationship to O2-generation, and the signal transduction pathway for induction of their expression may not be similar to the pathway for PAL activation.

关 键 词：稻瘟病 几丁酶 抗病性 水稻 

分 类 号：S511.034[农业科学—作物学]