男性受试者搬举MAWL和RWL时的劳动负荷评价  

Work Load Evaluation of Lifting MAWL and RWL in Males

作　　者：陈静[1] 杨磊[2] 王奡[2] 

机构地区：[1]江汉大学医学与生命科学学院,湖北武汉430056 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院职业医学研究所,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2007年第3期136-139,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的对手工搬举方程在我国应用的适合性进行研究，为我国制订手工搬举作业劳动负荷的标准提供依据。方法用表面肌电信号技术和Borg量表对男性受试者搬举最大可接受搬举重量（MAWL）和推荐搬举重量（RWL）时的劳动负荷进行了评价。结果受试者对称搬举MAWL时竖脊肌肌电幅度在50％～70％MVE（最大自主收缩时肌电幅度）范围内波动，对称搬举RWL时在41％～71％MVE范围内波动。在水平距离25cm处，从地面到可触及高度，搬举RWL时竖脊肌肌电幅度比搬举MAWL时高7．51％。从指节到可触及高度，搬举RWL时竖脊肌肌电幅度比搬举MAWL时高13．08％。非对称搬举MAWL时的竖脊肌肌电幅度明显高于搬举RWL时，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。身体各部位搬举MAWL时的自我用力感受（RPE）评分都明显高于搬举RWL时的RPE。结论美国职业安全卫生研究所（NIOSH）搬举方程对于水平距离和不对称的校正是充分的，但对于高度的校正是不足的，尤其是对于过肩的搬举作业是不适合的，对于过肩搬举作业的推荐搬举重量限值还应降低。Objective To study the suitability of the lifting equation used in China and to provide scientific criteria for health standard of manual lifting tasks. Methods Using SEMG technique and Borg CR-20 scale, the loads of maximum acceptable weight of lift （MAWL） and recommended weight limit （RWL） were evaluated. Results The EMG average amplitude of the lifter spinae muscles was from 50% to 70% MVE when symmetrically lifting MAWL; and it was from 41% to 71% MVE when symmetrically lifting RWL. When lifting RWL symmetrically from floor to height able to reach, the EMG amplitude of the lifter spinae muscles was 7.51% higher than that of lifting MAWL at 25cm from the horizon. When lifting RWL symmetrically from knuckle to the height able to reach, the EMG amplitude of the erector spinae muscles was 13.08% higher than that when lifting MAWL symmetrically. When lifting MAWL asymmetrically, the EMG amplitude of the erector spinae muscles was significantly higher than lifting RWL asymmetrically, P〈0. 01. The Rating of Perceived Exertion （RPE） Scales from different parts of body when lifting MAWL symmetrically was greater than when lifting RWL symmetrically. Conclusions The revisions of the horizontal distance and asymmetric lifting in the lifting equation by NIOSH were sufficient, but the revision of the lifting height was not sufficient, especially for the lifting over shoulder, its weithe limitation should further be lowered.

关 键 词：搬举 最大可接受搬举重量(MAWL) 表面肌电 劳动负荷 

分 类 号：R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生]