单轴加卸荷过程中岩石声学特性及其与损伤因子关系  

Relationship between the acoustic characteristics and damage variable in the process of uniaxial loading and unloading

作　　者：韩放[1] 纪洪广[1] 张伟 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]总参工程兵第四设计研究院,北京100850

出　　处：《北京科技大学学报》2007年第5期452-455,共4页Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing

基　　金："十五"国家科技攻关计划(No.2004BA615A-05);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(No.20040008025)

摘　　要：设计了岩石试块的单轴加卸荷实验.利用声发射观测动态检测损伤的扩展,通过超声波检测来定量评价岩石试块的损伤程度.结果表明:岩石在加载和卸载两种过程中都有新的损伤产生;其损伤扩展和演化过程可以通过声发射监测来动态观测,损伤演化的水平则可通过超声波的信号特征进行定量评价.Underground excavation is an unloading process, which not only results in the change of stress distribution in surrounding rocks, but also gives rise to the change in rock properties. In order to analyze the stability of slope and optimize the design, studies on the change in mechanical properties of rocks, due to unloading process caused by excavation in an open-pit mine, must be carried out. In uniaxial loading and unloading process, the damage process in rocks was tested by ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission, in which the damage development was dynamically measured by acoustic emission and the damage degree was quantitatively estimated based on ultrasonic wave. The result shows that new damage can be induced in both loading and unloading processes. The damage development and its evolution process can be dynamically measured by monitoring of acoustic emission, and the level of damage evolution can be quantitatively estimated by the signal characteristics of ultrasonic wave.

关 键 词：露天矿 岩石 加荷 卸荷 损伤 超声波 声发射 

分 类 号：TD315[矿业工程—矿井建设]