土壤水分对酱用番茄花果期生长和生理特性的影响  

Effect of Soil Water on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Processed Tomato during Blooming and Fruit Stage

作　　者：方志刚[1] 马富裕[1] 杨建荣[1] 郑重[1] 崔静[1] 李江全[2] 刘恩博[2] 陈赞辉 李强 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]石河子大学机械电器工程学院,新疆石河子832003 [3]新疆石达赛特科技有限公司,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2007年第3期162-168,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30560068);新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关项目(04GG03);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动资金专项(RCZX200522)

摘　　要：研究了膜下滴灌不同土壤水分对酱用番茄花果期生长与生理特性的影响.结果表明,开花初期土壤水分保持在60%～65%、开花坐果期以75%～80%、结果期维持在80%～85%的相对田间持水量（SWR）,酱用番茄叶面积指数、干物质积累量相对维持较高,坐果率和产量最高.不同处理在结果期前花蕾数、叶面积指数、干物质积累量随土壤水分的升高而增加,单株结果数、单果重、烂果率可作为判断番茄高产的指标;结果期酱用番茄幼叶和顶叶水势在土壤含水量75%～95%（SWR）的范围内敏感性下降,不同叶片之间顶叶与幼叶、老叶水势均无显著差异,但幼叶与老叶之间的差异达到5%的显著水平,开花坐果期不同土壤水分幼叶气孔导度显著高于老叶,且幼叶气孔导度日变化峰值随土壤含水量的升高而增加,可用幼叶的气孔导度和水势作为茄株水分盈亏的生理指标依据;花果期土壤水分由SWR的55%～60%升高到75%～80%时,酱用番茄群体光合速率（CAP）出现跃迁式增高,由75%～80%提高到80%～85%CAP无明显差异,说明酱用番茄CAP对土壤水分含量的＂阀值＂范围在75%～80%（SWR）左右.结合酱用番茄CAP、叶片的气孔导度和水势等生理指标可为番茄高产水分调控机理提供科学依据.Effect of soil water on the growth and physiological characteristics of tomato during blooming and fruit stage were studied under mulching-drip irrigation, the result showed that the first threshold of soil water should be changed between 60% and 65% during the beginning of blooming stage, the second should be altered between 75% and 80% during the blooming and fruit stage, the last should be increased from 80% to 85% （soil water receptivity） during fruit stage. With the result of what has been mentioned, The number of processed tomato LAI and the weight of dry matter accumulation were large relatively, at the same time the yield and the fruit setting of percentage was the largest. The number of bud, LAI and the weight of drv matter accumulation in different treats went up with the increased soil water before the fruit stage, the number of fruits in every processed tomato, the weight of average fruit and bad fruit ratio could be regarded as a index to decide how high yield; the response sensitive of water potential to soil moisture between new leaves and head ones decline during fruit stage, the head leaves, the new and the old ones have nothing in common, but the new leaves and old ones have greatly difference, the stomatal of new leaves are greatly higher than the old ones at different soil moisture during blooming and setting fruit stage, the stomatal of new leaves increases with ascending the soil moisture, as a result the stomatal and water potential of new leave could be regarded as the basis index to decide whether the plant water is enough or not, when the soil moisture raised to 75% -80% of field from 55% -60% of field capacity during the blooming fruit stage, the canopy apparent photosynthesis （CAP） rate of processed tomato increases greatly, however, as soil moisture raised to 80 % -85 % of field from75 % -80 % of field capacity, CAP rate increased slightly. It was indicated that CAP rate has the threshold response to soil moisture and the threshold value is about 75 %-80% of field capacity. Co

关 键 词：酱用番茄 土壤水分 生理特性 水分调控 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]