干扰生境下黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi)日活动时间的分配  

Time budget of daily activity of Francois’ Langur(Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi) in disturbed habitat

作　　者：罗杨[1] 张明海[1] 马建章[1] 吴安康 汪双喜 张树森 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]沿河麻阳河自然保护区管理局,贵州沿河县565300

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第5期1715-1722,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：贵州省"九五"科技攻关资助项目~~

摘　　要：1999年至2000年,采用瞬间采样法对贵州省麻阳河国家级自然保护区干扰生境中的野生成年黑叶猴的日活动规律进行了研究。结果表明:干扰生境中野生成年黑叶猴在全年的行为时间分配中表现为休息和摄食所占比例最多,分别为35.41%和31.67%;其次是游走、拥坐和嬉戏,分别为14.44%、9.61%和8.54%;仅将很少时间用于理毛行为,为0.33%。与未干扰生境相比,干扰生境下黑叶猴全年中除用于休息的时间下降外,用于其余活动类型的时间均有所提高。研究还表明野生成年黑叶猴的活动规律在不同季节存在一定差异性。休息和摄食行为在各季节日活动规律中都存在显著高峰期,但高峰期持续时间和强度不同。游走、嬉戏和拥坐行为在各季节的日活动规律所占比例均较低。理毛行为存在季节有或无的现象。The daily activity pattern of wild adult Francois＇ langurs （ Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi） was observed in disturbed habitat at Mayanghe National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province between 1999 and 2000. The behaviors of wild adult Francois＇ langur were recorded at 5 minute intervals using an instantaneous sampling method. The results indicate that rest, forage, traveling, huddling, playing and grooming activities account for 35.41%, 31.67%, 14.44%, 9.61%, 8. 54% and 0. 33% respectively in the daily time budget of these wild adult Francois＇ langurs during the study period. The majority of time is spent on resting and foraging, secondly on traveling, huddling and playing, and the least time on grooming. In comparison with the results in undisturbed habitat, the time spent in resting is decreased while the time on other activities is increased. In the undisturbed habitat, vegetation is mainly secondary evergreen broadleaved mixed forests and is well protected. Food resources for wild Francois＇ langur are rich and easy to obtain, including Rhur chinensis, Pistacia chinensis and Cyclobalanopsis glauca. Consequently the time spent in foraging in undisturbed habitat is decreased. In disturbed habitat, the natural forest is destroyed and replaced by dense shrubs, and the upper-slope is completely cultivated with farmland. This decreases food availability and changes the foraging behavior of the langurs, also causing a change of time budgets of other behaviors, such as increasing the proportion of traveling and decreasing the proportion of resting. At the same time, the fact that the frequency of human activity is higher in the disturbed habitat influences time budget of daily social behavior of the langurs including playing, huddling and grooming. The patterns of activity rhythms of wild adult Francois＇ langur in the disturbed habitat show some seasonal differences Significant activity peaks are revealed in foraging and resting in all seasons, but peak values and duration are different. Proportion

关 键 词：干扰生境 黑叶猴 日活动时间分配 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]