水培条件下氮浓度对水稻氮素吸收和分蘖发生的影响研究  

The Effect of Nitrogen Concentration on Nitrogen Absorption and Tiller Development in Rice under Water Culture

作　　者：蒋彭炎[1] 洪晓富[1] 冯来定[1] 徐志福[1] 方樟法 

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院,浙江杭州310021

出　　处：《作物学报》1997年第2期191-199,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家和浙江省自然科学基金资助

摘　　要：本文应用不同氮浓度溶液对早籼稻和晚粳稻代表品种进行水培试验,考察其对分蘖芽的分化发育和分蘖的发生终止的影响。试验表明,茎鞘含氮率与分蘖的关系甚为密切,在含氮率2.7～3.3％时,水稻分蘖正常发生;低于1.3％时,分蘖芽的分化发育就停留在三幼一基期;处在中间状态的含氮率,分蘖芽的分化发育进程滞缓,分蘖的出生时间滞后。同时还明确了氮对分蘖芽和分蘖的影响与深灌水等因素不同,它要通过水稻吸收,形成不同的植株含氮水平,然后再对分蘖芽发生影响。欲采用减少氮素供给的办法来控制分蘖,时间上比深灌水等措施更要有一个提前量。茎鞘氮水平不同,提前量也各异。平均5天左右,茎鞘氮率下降一个百分点。再一个特点是供氮状况改善,能使因缺氮而停留在三幼一基期的芽重新激活,继续分化发育成新的分蘖。此外,还论述了应用氮素对水稻分蘖进行调控的栽培途径。Early Indica and late japonica varieties were water cultured in solutions with different concentrations of nitrogen. The differentiation and development of the tiller buds and the tillers and the ending of tillering were studied. The results showed that the relationship between the percentage of nitrogen content in the stem steath(PSSN)and tillering was very close. Rice plants tillered normally when PSSN was in the range of 2. 7%-3. 3%. However, when the PSSN was less than 1. 3%, the growth and development of the tiller would be arrested with the tiller, remained at the 3 + 1 stage(3 young leaves+1 leaf primordium), when the PSSN was intermediate, the differention and development of the tiller would be retareded, and the time of tillering prolonged. It was also found that the effect of N content on the tiller bud and tiller development was different from that of deep water irrigation. It taken time for the rice plants to absorb the N, forming different levels of N content, then, and only then, would the effect of N be evident. Therefore in order to control the number of tillers through reduced N supply, the practice should be started a few days earlies than deep water treatment. On an average, the PSSN will be reduced by 1 % after every 5 days of low N treatment. Another further found was that the arrested growth of the 3 + 1 tiller could revive growing when the N supply improved. The cultural appreach of controlling the tillering in rice through the regulation of N supply was also discussed.

关 键 词：水培液氮浓度 分蘖芽 分孽 水稻 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]