不同施肥条件下黄土麦地杂草生物多样性  

Weed biodiversity in winter wheat field of loess soil under different fertilization regimes.

作　　者：古巧珍[1] 杨学云[1] 孙本华[1] 张树兰[1] 同延安[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2007年第5期1038-1042,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台建设资助项目(SF2005-3).

摘　　要：采用倒置“W”9点取样法,研究了黄土区9种不同施肥处理长期肥料定位试验小麦田间杂草的生物多样性.结果表明,不同施肥条件下小麦田间杂草组成有一定差异,试验区共有杂草16种,隶属10科16属,约占陕西省麦田杂草种数的34%.随着土壤养分状况的改善,杂草的物种多样性逐渐减少,氮磷钾及其与有机物料配合施用处理（NPK、SNPK、M1NPK、M2NPK）的杂草种群为3～5个,对照及氮、氮磷、氮钾处理（CK、N、NP、NK）杂草种群为6～8个;不同施肥处理杂草相对丰度为0～73%,Shannon多样性指数为0.2～1.08,Shannon均匀度指数为0.05～0.26,Margalef物种丰富度指数为0.26～1.26.不平衡施肥处理的3个多样性指数都高于平衡施肥处理,且大部分达到显著水平.Employing an inverted ‘ W＇ investigation procedure with 9 sampling locations and adopting a biodiversity analysis approach integrated with typical statistic method, this paper studied the effects of different long-term stationary fertilization regimes on the weed biodiversity in winter wheat fields on loess soil. The results showed that in the experimental plots, there were 16 weed species belonging to 10 family and 16 genera, occupying about 34% of the total number of weed species in winter wheat fields in Shaanxi Province. The weed biodiversity was decreased with the improvement of soil nutrient status. There were 3-5 weed populations in treatments NPK and NPK plus organic materials, and 6-8 populations in treatments CK, N, NK and NP. The relative abundance of weeds ranged from 0 to 73%, and the ranges of Shannon＇ s diversity index, Shannon＇ s evenness index and Margalef＇ s species richness index were 0. 2-1.08, 0. 05-0.26 and 0.26-1.26, respectively. All of these 3 parameters were higher in unbalanced than in balanced fertilization treatments, and the differences between unbalanced and balanced fertilization treatments were significant in most case, which was probably due to the different status of available soil nutrients and might have different effects on the growth of weeds.

关 键 词：长期肥料定位试验 麦地杂草 生物多样性 黄土 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]