北京政治的常态和异态——关于黎元洪与段祺瑞府院之争的研究  

Normal and Abnormal States of Beijing Politics:A Study of the Controversy between Li Yuanhong's Presidential Palace and Duan Qiri's State Council

作　　者：汪朝光[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,研究员北京100006

出　　处：《近代史研究》2007年第3期51-65,共15页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：袁世凯称帝败亡后,出任国务总理的段祺瑞与继任大总统黎元洪在许多问题上发生激烈的矛盾冲突,形成为总统府和国务院互为对立面的府院之争,并一度成为北京政治的主要矛盾关系。本来,北京政治的常态是内阁主导,惟黎元洪与段祺瑞的府院之争却是例外,实可谓北京政治的异态。然黎段府院之争的结果是,段祺瑞压倒黎元洪后,重新执掌北京政治权力,其中最关键的因素,是段所依靠的武力支持。经过此番波折,北京政治由府院相争的异态复归为内阁主导的常态,但武力支配政治的原则更不可动摇,内阁主导正向武人主导发展,并随着北洋军系的分化和武人干政的发展而得以在其后有更多的表现。After Yuan Shikai's abortive proclamation as emperor and ignominious death,severe contradictions and conflicts arose on many issues between the new premier Duan Qiri and the new president Li Yuanhong,giving rise to an inter-departmental face-off between the Presidential Palace and the State Council.This was for a time the main conflict on Beijing political stage.As a matter of course,the normal state of Beijing politics was for the cabinet to dominate state affairs,but the controversy between Li Yuanhong's Presidential Palace and Duan Qiri's State Council was an exception.In fact it could be called an abnormality in Beijing politics.However,the result of the controversy was that Duan Qiri overpowered Li Yuanhong and re-exerted control over political power in Beijing.The key factor in Duan's victory was his reliance on military force.After this twisted detour,Beijing politics returned from the abnormality of inter-departmental struggle to its normal state of cabinet domination.But the dominance of military force was established even more unshakably.Cabinet domination was developing into military domination.As the Beiyang Army broke up into factions and military interference in government affairs developed,this tendency showed itself more and more.

关 键 词：北京政治 府院之争 段祺瑞 黎元洪 

分 类 号：K258.4[历史地理—历史学]