草木樨毒性的研究  

Studies on the Toxicity of Sweetclover

作　　者：张德寿[1] 文奋武[1] 王超人 朱秀琴 肖志国 王彦平 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学兽医系

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》1990年第1期43-50,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

摘　　要：本文报道了对香豆素和双香豆素测定方法的比较研究、河西地区草木樨栽培利用的调查及不同生长期植株中香豆素和双香豆素含量的分析、饲喂家畜的最佳利用期、家兔中毒的模拟试验、草木樨饲喂山羊绵羊手和猪的毒性试验、预防草木樨中毒等问题所进行的系列研究结果。研究结果表明,河西各地区不同生长期草木樨中香豆素和双香豆素含量有很大差异,结合草中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量的分析,推荐在开花期之前收割作饲料用最佳。家兔模拟试验,证明了香豆素和双香豆素对动物有毒害作用,家畜食入多量的香豆素后,其潜在性毒害不可忽视。双香豆素的致病作用为引起出血性素质。给羊喂100％的发霉草木樨和50％的鲜草木樨,经128天,未出现明显的临床症状,仅见有慢性病理变化。喂猪试验证明,日头均食入香豆素宜控制在25毫克/公斤体重以下,用草粉喂猪,其量限制在日粮的15—20％范围内较为合适。当比例增至35％时,可致慢性潜在性中毒,病理变化为肺水肿和慢性滤泡性胆囊炎。此为国内首先报道。1份草粉加普通水8份浸泡一昼夜,弃去水,消除香豆素和双香豆素毒物效果良好。A Series of experiments on the toxicity of sweetclover was conducted.The content of coumarin and dicoumarin within sweetclover during various growing stages in different areas in Hexi cossidor,Gansu province,differed greatly.The simulate experiments in rabbits revealed that the coumarin and dicoumarin had toxic effect.Chronic poisoning occurred in rabbits with daily intaking of 25mg of coumarin/kg.wt,and chronic or acute poisoning occurred in rabbits with daily intaking of 1.385—4.55mg of dicoumarin/kg.wt.A long term feeding experiment with sweetclover in sheep and goats showed that there were chronic histo-pathological changes in animals tested,although no obvious symptoms were observed.Similar experiment was carried out in swine.The result obtained appeared to be more or less the same as that in sheep and goats.In order to eliminate the toxic elements from sweetclover,the authors tried to soak the grass powder in water in a ratio of 1:8 for 24 hrs,followed by dewatering.This treatment showed a satisfactory detoxication result in further feeding experiments.It is suggested that the results presented here be useful in developing and utilizing feed resources.

关 键 词：草木樨 饲料 毒性 

分 类 号：S541.01[农业科学—作物学]