哈茨木霉TH-1对棉花枯萎病菌和黄萎病菌的拮抗机制研究  

Inhibitory Mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum TH-1 against the Pathogens of Verticillium Wilt and Fusarium Wilt of Cotton

作　　者：高智谋[1] 曹君[1] 潘月敏[1] 吴向辉[2] 章战华[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省植物保护总站,合肥230001

出　　处：《棉花学报》2007年第3期168-172,共5页Cotton Science

基　　金：安徽省高校学科拔尖人才基金(200322);安徽省"十五"科技攻关计划项目(01013011)资助

摘　　要：采用平板对峙法、杯碟法和显微观察法研究了哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)TH-1菌株对棉花枯萎病菌和黄萎病菌的拮抗作用及其机制。结果表明,哈茨木霉TH-1菌株与病菌对峙培养以及在培养基中加入TH-1菌株孢子悬浮液,对供试棉花枯、黄萎病菌均有较好的抑制效果;但TH-1菌株的代谢液对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制效果较差,对枯萎病菌几乎无抑制效果;显微观察发现,TH-1菌丝与枯、黄萎病菌的菌丝平行生长、产生附着胞结构附着于病菌菌丝上,或穿透病菌菌丝使病菌菌丝发生裂解。上述结果说明,哈茨木霉TH-1对供试棉花枯、黄萎病菌的拮抗机制主要是营养和空间竞争及重寄生作用。The effectiveness of the present integrated control measures for the two diseases has been not satisfactory because of the shortage of ideal variety resistant to Verticillium wilt and effective chemicals for control of the two diseases. Increasing emphases, therefore, have been attached to the bio-control approach. To seek new bio-control agents, the authors had isolated and obtained Trichoderma harzianum isolate TH-1 from the soil in cotton field at Xiao county of Anhui Province. In this paper, the inhibition and mechanism of the isolatd TH-1 against the pathogens of Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt of cotton, Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. vasinfectum and Verticillium dahliae were further studied in vitro by applying dual culture, cup-plate test and microscopy, respectively. The results showed that in dual-culture tests, the inhibitory rates of the isolate TH-1 against the tested isolates WWKWl-1, WJKW2-4 and XXKW5-1 of F. oxysporium f. sp. vasinfectum were 54. 27%, 46.50% and 53.50%, respectively, and the inhibitory rate against the tested isolate HFHW-3 of V. dahliae was 37.91%. In cup-plate tests, the inhibitory rates of the isolate TH-1 against the tested isolates WWKWl-1, WJKW2-4, XXKW5-1 and HFHW-3 were 70. 71%, 37. 80%, 72. 96 and 100%, respectively. It was suggested that the control effects of the isolatd TH-1 on the two pathogenic fungi were all significant when it was dual-cultured with the pathogens or when its conidium suspension was applied into the media. However, the inhibitory effect of the metabolic liquid of TH-1 on V. dahliae was not good, and not significant on F. oxyspoHum f. sp. vasinfectum. It was revealed microscopically that the hyphae of TH-1 grew parallel along the hyphae of F. oxysporum f. sp . vasinfectum and V. dahliae, and formed appressorium-like structures attaching the hyphae of the pathogens. It was also observed that the hyphae of TH-1 penetrated and broke the hyphae of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. It was suggested that TH-1 parasitized the pathogens. The results mentio

关 键 词：哈茨木霉 棉花枯萎病菌 棉花黄萎病菌 拮抗机制 

分 类 号：S435.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]