海南岛棕果蝠的活动节律与食性  

Activity rhythms and food habits of Leschenault's rousette (Rousettus leschenaulti) in Hainan Island

作　　者：陈忠[1] 蒙以航[1] 周锋[1] 李玉春[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学生物系,海口571158

出　　处：《兽类学报》2007年第2期112-119,共8页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：海南省教育厅自然科学基金(hjkj200521);日本自然保护协会(NACS-J);海外基金资助项目

摘　　要：2005年2-11月对海南岛北部棕果蝠的日活动节律进行了逐月观测,并以直接观察法、食物残渣拾遗法、粪便分析法和人工饲养法研究了棕果蝠的食物组成。棕果蝠的野外活动时间以及出巢时刻和回巢时刻具有季节性变化(ANOVA,P<0.001),野外活动时间为春季(552.2±26.7min)明显较秋冬季节(634.7±16.7min)短(LSD,P<0.05)。偏相关分析表明,棕果蝠的出巢时刻主要受光照强度和气温的影响,与相对湿度无关。作者认为,棕果蝠夜间野外活动时间长短的季节变化是对野外食物可利用量和人工种植水果成熟季节变化的响应。本次研究确定棕果蝠采食14科21种植物种类,并发现棕果蝠取食苦楝(Melia azedarach)、榄仁树(Termi-nalia catappa)、红瓜(Coccinia grandis)、假烟叶(Solanum verbascifolium)、甘蔗与木棉树(Bombax ceiba)的花蜜等11种食物。The activity rhythms and food habits of Leschenault＇ s rousette （ Rousettus leschenaulti） were studied monthly during February to November 2005 in the northern part of the Hainan Island, China. Food habits were studied using food remant analysis, feces analysis, and artificial feeding experiments. Nocturnal activity hours outside of roosts changed significantly （ ANOVA, P 〈 0. 001 ） and were shorter in May to July （ 552. 2 ± 26. 7 min ） than that in other months （ 634. 7 ± 16. 7 min, LSD, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Partial correlation analysis showed that onset and peak times of emergence at dusk were main-ly determined by light intensity, and correlated significantly with temperature but not with humidity. It is considered that seasonal changes of nocturnal activity time span of Leschenault＇ s rousette were responses to availability of food resources and artificial fruits. A total of 21 species of plants in 14 families were examined as Leschenault＇ s rousette ＇ s food including 11 unreported food species including Melia azedarach, Terminalia catappa, Coccinia grandis, Solanum verbascifolium and nectar of Bombax ceiba, etc. We found Leschenault ＇ s rousette fed on nectar of B. ceiba, indicating Leschenault ＇ s rousette is also a nectar feeder.

关 键 词：棕果蝠 活动节律 食性 环境因子 海南岛 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]