一起应急接种麻疹疫苗后偶合乙型流感的调查报告  

Investigation of the Influenza B Infection after An Emergency Vaccination with the Measles Vaccine

作　　者：胡国超[1] 陈玉明[1] 张美娜[1] 唐建红[1] 李彦辉 

机构地区：[1]广东省韶关市疾病预防控制中心,韶关512028 [2]广东省韶关市武江区龙归镇卫生院,韶关512026

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2007年第5期490-491,共2页Journal of Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的为了解应急接种麻疹疫苗后发热病人异常增加的原因,指导疫情控制及疫苗应急接种。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法对粤北农村某小学学生应急接种麻疹疫苗后发热病人异常增加的原因进行调查分析。结果该小学有学生655人,应急接种麻疹疫苗644人,接种后发生发热病人34例。3例除有发热、咳嗽外,均有皮疹,采集病例血清标本,麻疹IgM阳性,风疹IgM阴性;其余31例发热病例中,发热38℃及以上30例,占96.77%;咳嗽22例,占70.97%;头晕17例,占54.84%;头痛15例,占48.39%;鼻塞12例,占38.71%;流涕12例,占38.71%;呕吐5例,占16.13%;乏力17例,占54.84%。31例病例均无皮疹,采集2例病例咽拭子标本,检出乙型流感病毒核酸。结论该校发热病例明显增加是应急接种麻疹疫苗后偶合乙型流感所致。提示春季群体性接种疫苗应避免偶合其它传染病的爆发。Objective To investigate the underlining cause of an abnormally increase in fever in students after vaccination with measles vaccine. Methods Epidemiological techniques were used to determine the underlining causes of fever in the primary school students in a village north of Guangdong. Results There were 655 students in this primary school. 644 students received measles vaccination, and 34 students developed fever after immunization. In addition to fever and cough, 3 students had anthema. Serological analysis revealed that these patients were sew-positive （IgM） for measles and sero-negative for rubella. For the rest of the 31 subjects, the symptoms were fever （30 cases, 38 ℃ ）, cough （22 cases, 70.97%）, dizzy （17 cases, 54.84%）, headache （15 cases, 48.39%）, snuffle （12 cases, 38.71%）, snivel （12 cases, 38.71%）, vomiting （5 cases, 16.13%）, and tired （17 cases, 54.84%）. All of these 31 cases had no anthema. Two pharyngeal swap specimens were collected and influenza B viruses were found in these samples. Conclusion Infection with influenza B virus may be the cause of fever in these school children after an emergency vaccination with measles vaccine. Infection by other infectious agents should be avoided.

关 键 词：麻疹 疫苗 乙型流感 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学] R511.7[医药卫生—临床医学]