条背萤成虫与幼虫发光器的超微结构观察  

The ultrastructure of light organs in adults and larvae of the firefly, Luciola substriata

作　　者：袁洪海[1] 付新华[1] 张应[1] 郑霞林[1] 雷朝亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学昆虫资源研究所,武汉430070

出　　处：《昆虫知识》2007年第3期409-414,共6页Entomological Knowledge

摘　　要：对水生萤火虫——条背萤Luciola substriata（Gorham）成虫和幼虫发光器的超微结构进行研究。结果表明,成虫发光器由明显的2层组成：反射层和发光层。反射层由排列紧密的“尿酸囊泡”构成,具有发达的气管结构,对光起反射作用;发光层由大量发光细胞构成,内含典型的发光颗粒、线粒体、内质网及大量糖原,该层通过发光细胞胞质内的生化反应而发光。2层均由非细胞层膜包被,间距25-30μm。发光器腹节由外向内依次为表皮、发光层、反射层和内部细胞层。幼虫发光器球形,由背射层和发光层构成,由非细胞层膜包被。背射层由单层柱状细胞构成,内含大量“尿酸囊泡”。发光层细胞膜相互绞缠,含有2种类型的发光颗粒：“致密”型和“凋亡”型,含有大量的线粒体和无定形颗粒,发光细胞之间分布着大量的气管、微气管及神经末梢,可观察到神经突触。与条背萤相比,陆生种成虫反射层和发光层均无非细胞层膜包被,2层间无明显间距,发光颗粒形状不规则,气管通常形成2分支;陆栖种幼虫发光层形状差异较大,背射层由单层或2-4层细胞构成;相似点在于,成虫发光器都由均由反射层和发光层构成,发光细胞内都含发光颗粒、线粒体及大量糖原,都具有发达的气管结构,发光颗粒相似。幼虫发光器都由背射层和发光层构成,都具有发达的气管和直接的神经支配,发光颗粒相似,都由非细胞层膜包被。The ultrastructures of light organs in the adult and larva of aquatic firefly Luciola substriata （Gorham） were studied. The results showed that the adult light organ consisted of two conspicuous layers： the reflecting layer and the photogenic layer. The reflecting layer supplied with evolved tracheals was composed of compact urate vesicules, and the layer was reflexible to light; the photogenic layer emitted their light by the biochemical reaction in photocyte cytoplasm was composed of mass of photocytes containing typical photocyte granules, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and a rich supply of glycogen. The two layers were both covered with aceUular membrane, and the distance between the two layers was 25 - 30 μm. The ventral adult light organ segments were in turn composed of body cuticle, the reflecting layer, the photogenic layer and the interior ceU layer from the outside. The larval light organ was orbicular, covered with aceUular layer and consisted of the dorsal layer and photogenic layer. The dorsal layer consisted of a single tier of columnar ceUs which contained many urate vesicules. Photocytes＇ membrane interlocked each other. Photocytes contained two types of photocyte granules： one was compact, the other was apoptosis. The photogenic layer contained numerous mitochondria and amorphous granules. Numerous tracheae, tracheoles and nerve endings ran between photocytes. The synapses can be observed. Compared with L. substriata, the terrestrial adult fireflies reflecting layer and photogenic layer were not covered with acellular membrane, and the two layers had not conspicuous separation. The photocyte granules were not in regular shape, and the number of tracheoles coming off each tracheal twig was definitely two. The terrestrial larval photogenic layer was very different in shape and the dorsal layer composed of a single tier of cells or two to four tiers of cells. The similarities both L. substriata and terrestrial fireflies were： adult light organ both consisted of the reflecting laye

关 键 词：条背萤 成虫发光器 幼虫发光器 超微结构 反射层 背射层 发光层 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学]