产业地理与结盟游说——考察美国对华贸易政策的新视角  

Industrial Geography and Lobbying Alliances

作　　者：孙哲[1] 刘建华[2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学美国研究中心 [2]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2007年第6期28-36,共9页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：随着中国经济的不断发展,中美贸易纠纷也日益增多。美国一方面将贸易政策与美国的全球经济战略相结合,采取了诸多针对中国的“贸易管理”手段,另一方面也从各个方面加强与中国对话,在人民币汇率、中国市场开放、知识产权保护等多方面对中国施加压力。美国对华贸易政策的制定与美国国内经济转型、贸易政治化紧密相关。作者从美国产业地理与结盟游说角度考察了美国对华贸易政策制定中的国会因素,分析了美国产业地理分布(位置、范围和集中度)如何通过选区代表(众议员)、州代表(参议员)构成对国会的政治影响力,国会的制度性因素(两院制结构和规则)如何支持或制约美国特定产业的发展及对中美贸易关系的影响。China’s entry into the WTO and its rapid economic development have brought about trade conflicts with the United States. On the one hand, the United States has integrated its trade policy with its global economic strategy and therefore it has adopted many new measures to manage the trade issue with China. On the other hand, through continuing dialogues the United States has also pressured China to reevaluate its currency, further open up the market, protect intellectual property rights, and so on. The making of American trade policies toward China is closely intertwined with the transformation of the American domestic economy and the politicalization of trade policy. This article explores the role of Congress in American trade policy toward China. In analyzing some of the geographic characteristics (locations, geographic reach, and concentration) of American industry and their impact, including the lobbying efforts on the Hill, the article further examines how Congress has counterbalanced the impacts and influenced Sino-U.S. trade relations.

关 键 词：产业地理 中关经贸关系 美国国会 游说 

分 类 号：F125.5[经济管理—世界经济] D771.2[政治法律—政治学]