中国大陆构造格架的动力学演化  

Geodynamical evolution and tectonic framework of China

作　　者：刘光鼎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《地学前缘》2007年第3期39-46,共8页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重大项目(KZCX1-SW-18-01);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40620140435;40674046)

摘　　要：指出中国大陆构造不仅呈现出“三横、两竖、两个三角”的宏观格架,而且与块体拼合的形成演化紧密相关,从中国大陆构造五幕演化史的动力学机制来看,中国大陆宏观构造演化可归纳为好像是一个“跷跷板”过程:以鄂尔多斯—四川为轴,古生代期间西低东高;中生代以后,从南大陆漂移而来的羌塘、冈底斯、印度等地体依次与塔里木块体碰撞、缝合,不仅出现不同时期特提斯的闭合,还形成了世界的第三极——青藏高原;几乎与此同时,太平洋板块向NW转向,俯冲于菲律宾海板块之下和菲律宾海板块向欧亚板块的聚敛,以及澳大利亚板块的向北运移,导致中国东部及海域的拉张与地壳减薄,造成中国地势西高东低。文中最后指出,中国大陆构造格架的动力学演化研究在寻找金属矿床、勘探油气资源等方面具有重要的实际意义。In this paper, we show that the tectonic framework of China's Mainland consists of ＂three latitudinal strips＂, namely： Tianshan-Yinshan-Yanshan, Qinling-Dabie, and Nanling; ＂two longitudinal strips＂ namely： Daxinganling-Taihangshan-Wulingshan, Helanshan-Longmenshan; and ＂two triangles＂, Songpan-Ganzi, and Chaidamu. The geodynamic evolution of China can be considered in five-stages, which can be summarised as a kind of ＂teeterboard-like＂ process. The evolutionary process is that in the Palaeozoic era, the China mainland had lower elevation in the west and higher in the east, with Ordos-Sichuan as an axis. After the Mesozoic era, because the blocks of Qiangtang, Gangdese, and India collided and sutured with the Tarim block. During this time closure of the Tethys ocean occurred, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, formed. In the Cenozoic subduction of the Pacific plate northwestwards under the Philippine Sea began, and the Philippine Sea block converged towards the Eurasian plate. This was associated with extension and thinning of the crust in East China, which resulted in the uplift of the land in the west and subsidence in the east of China. Finally, we point out that research on the geodynamic evolution of the terranes is of practical significance in prospecting for mineral deposits and hydrocarbon resources.

关 键 词：中国大陆宏观构造 块体拼合 五幕演化史 动力学演化 “跷跷板”特征 

分 类 号：P541[天文地球—构造地质学]