源-库比改变对玉米群体光合和其它性状的影响  

Effect of Altered Source Sink Ratio on Canopy Photosynthesis and Yield of Maize

作　　者：王庆成[1] 牛玉贞[1] 王忠孝[1] 张秀清[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院玉米研究所

出　　处：《华北农学报》1997年第1期1-6,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家攀登计划9219项目课题

摘　　要：在抽丝授粉期，通过不去叶、去穗上所有叶、去穗下所有叶和去整株叶的处理，研究了改变源－库比对玉米群体光合速率、产量及其构成因素、以及植株内可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明，去叶后群体光合速率下降，粒数减少，粒重降低，成粒率下降，植株体内可溶性糖浓度下降。去叶效应的大小顺序是：去整株叶＞去穗上所有叶＞去穗下所有叶。单株籽粒产量减产最大的是去整株叶，平均减产８７％；其次是去穗上所有叶，平均减产５１％；去穗下所有叶减产最低，平均为３４％。穗部性状中受影响最大的是粒重。说明光合物质源在籽粒形成中有十分重要的意义，“库”性能的发挥高度依赖于“源”强度，源－库比在某种程度上决定着同化物的有效性。The investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of leaf removal, altered source sink ratio on canopy photosynthetic rate and other physiological characters. Defoliation treatments consisted of removing l) no leaves (control),2) all leaves above the ear,3) all leaves below the ear,and 4) all leaves at anthesis stage. Canopy carbon dioxide exchange rates, yield and its component, and soluble sugar content of treated plant were measured. The results showed that canopy carbon dioxide exchange rates declined following defoliation. Order of the effect was treatment 4>treatment 2>treatment 3.The treatment 4,2,and 3 reduced grain yield per plant by an average of 87%,51% and 34%, respectively. Yield component affected most by defoliation was kernel weight (15% to 87% decrease). Percentage of kernel setting and soluble sugar concentration of plant parts were reduced in leaf removal treatments. These results indicated that assimilate source play an important role in grain yield formation. The sink capacity (i.e.the potential of the grain to accommodate assimilate) and source strength (i.e.the ability of the leaf canopy to produce assimilate)were highly interdependent.

关 键 词：玉米 源库比 群体光合 产量 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]