春性杂交小麦优势测定与利用的研究  

Studies on Test and Utilization of Heterosis in Spring Wheat Hybrids

作　　者：王岩[1] 刘树仁[1] 翟玉洁[1] 刁艳玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院小麦研究所

出　　处：《华北农学报》1997年第1期17-21,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

摘　　要：利用１２个杂交组合对Ｔ型春性杂交小麦的株粒数、株粒重、株穗数、主穗小穗数、千粒重、穗长６个主要性状进行了超标优势分析，结果表明：所有组合的株粒重、株穗数、千粒重、穗长４个性状具有明显的正向超标优势，株粒数、主穗小穗数２个性状的超标优势表现为正负优势且幅度较大，分别为－１９．２％～５６．５％、－２．１％～５．３％之间。采用配合力的同亲回归分析，克旱９Ａ和克８２Ｒ２７特珠配合力最高，其次为克丰二Ａ×克８２Ｒ６７、克丰三Ａ×克８２Ｒ２７。用２个春性Ｔ型杂种小麦和２个化学杂交剂制成的ＣＨＡ杂交小麦，３个亲本（其中２个为对照品种）共７个品种，研究了群体密度对春性杂交小麦主要性状及其杂交优势的影响，明确了春性杂交小麦适宜的密度范围。Twelve combinations were used for analyzing superstandard heterosis of plant kernel number,plant kernel weight, plant spike number, spiklet number of main spike, 1000 kernel weight, spike length in the spring hybrid wheat with T type. The results indicated that the plant kernel weight, plant spike number, 1000 kernel weight, spike length of all combinations have positive superstandard,heterosis,the superstandard heterosis of plant kernel number and spiklet number of main spike showed positive or negative heterosis with a big change range, namely,-19.2% to 56.5%,-2.1% to 5.3%. The same parents regression analysis of GCA was adapted, SCA of kehan 9A and Kehan Ke 82R27 were highest, the second was Ke Feng 2A×Ke 82R27, the third was Ke Feng 3A×Ke 82R27. The two spring hybrid wheat with T type and the two CHA hybrid wheat were used. The 3 parents (two of them were check varieties),total varieties were seven.The effects of population density on the main characters and their heterosis in spring hybrid wheat was studied,the aptimum range of population density in spring hybrid wheat was definited, good cultivating measures must be used for appropriate usage of heterosis effects in hybrid wheat.

关 键 词：春小麦 杂种优势 群体密度 优势效应 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]