家猪毛色的基因定位、染色体标记和遗传规律的研究  

THE STUDY OF GENE LOCATION,CHROMOSOME MARKER AND GENETIC LAW OF COAT COLOUR IN THE PIG

作　　者：于汝梁[1] 辛彩云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院畜牧研究所

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》1997年第2期97-102,共6页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：为验证猪的黑、白毛色基因定位于８号染色体并与核仁组织者区（ＮＯＲ）连锁的研究结果，和进一步研究猪的毛色遗传规律，测定了８６头不同毛色的长白×枫泾猪（长枫猪）Ｆ２代的８号染色体上Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ的分布，分析了长枫Ｆ２、Ｆ３、Ｆ４仔猪的毛色分离，用已知８号染色体上Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ分布特点的不同毛色的长枫猪进行交配试验，记录了２３窝（白猪×白猪：８窝；花猪×黑猪：５窝；黑猪×黑猪：５窝；花猪×花猪：５窝）２２０头仔猪的毛色。在此基础上做了猪毛色基因定位和毛色遗传规律的分析，结果如下：１．猪的黑毛色基因（ａ）和白毛色基因（Ａ）为一对等位基因，定位于８号染色体上，与ＮＯＲ连锁。８号染色体上银染阳性的ＮＯＲ和银染阴性的ＮＯＲ可分别做为ａ基因和Ａ基因的遗传标记。２．花毛色基因（ｓ）为隐性基因，不是Ａ、ａ基因的等位基因，其等位基因为全色基因（Ｓ）。当全色基因纯合或杂合时，个体不表现为花毛色。在个体的２条８号染色体上ＮＯＲ均为银染阳性，即携带ａａ基因时，或一条８号染色体的ＮＯＲ为银染阳性，即携带Ａａ基因时，纯合的ｓｓ的基因对ａａ基因或Ａａ基因起上位作用，个体为花毛色。但ＡＡ基因对ｓ基因起上位作用，当个体携带ＡＡ基因时（一对８号染色体?For examining the research result:coat colour gene of the pig is located on chromosome 8,and for progressive study on coat colour inheritance of the pig,Ag NOR distribution on chromosome 8 in 86 Landrace × Fengjing F 2 (16 black,62 white and 8 spotted animals) was tested,and mating experiments among different coat colour LF F 2 with known Ag NOR distribution on chromosome 8 were conducted,and coat colour of 220 pigs of 23 litters(8 litters from white × white;5 litters from black×spotted;5 litters from black×black;5 litters from spotted×spotted) was recorded On the basis of above experiments,gene location and inheretance law of coat colour of the pig were analysed The results are as follows: 1 The black coat colour gene(a)and white coat colour gene (A) are a pair of allele located on chromosome 8 and linkaged with NOR The silver staining positive NOR and the silver staining negative NOR can be respectively regarded as genetic markers of A and a genes 2 The spotted coat colour gene(s) is recessive It is not allele of A and a genes and its allele is single coat colour gene(S) When single coat colour gene is homozygours or heterozygous,the animals do not show the spotted coat colour When a pair of chromosome 8 are all silver staining positive and carry aa genes,or one of chromosome 8 is silver staining positive and carry Aa genes,homozygours ss genes are dominent epistasis to Aa or aa,the animals are spotted 3 The coat colour of LF hybrids mainly depends on genes of A and S loci Nine genotypes on these two loci,coat colour and Ag NOR distribution for LF hybrids are summarized and the method for rapid stopping coat colour segragation in crossbreeding is put forward

关 键 词：猪 染色体 毛色 基因 遗传标记 

分 类 号：S828.2[农业科学—畜牧学]